IVAN LANG Kingdom (2879 BC - 258 BC, 2621 makore)
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P. HUARD1 & M. DURAND2
Once inosvika Phong Châu, vanakomana makumi mashanu ve  C3 vakasarudza mukoma wavo mukuru mambo we Hùng Dzinza.
Tngowani yaive yekutanga mambo Hùng uyo akatonga Văn Lang, humambo hwekutanga Vietnam. Iyo Văn Lang, nemiganhu yayo isina kujeka yakatambanuka kubva Vietnam ku Rwizi rweblue4, haizivikanwe kune vekare Chinese geographies. Nekudaro, HENRI MASPERO5 yakafungidzira kuti iyo Văn Lang of Vietnamese vanyori venhoroondo, ingori humambo hwekare hwe Ye-lang (Dạ Lang), iri kumaodzanyemba kwe Tong-T'ing nyanza iro zita raive rakaverengerwa -saverengerwa zvisirizvo na Tang Chinese vanyori venhoroondo ndiani akaendesa yavo, kukanganisa kwavo vietnamese vatinoshanda navo. Muchokwadi, hunhu Ye (Dạ) ingadai yakadzokororwa zvisirizvo Wen (Văn) uye ndicho chikonzero nei paine nyonganiso pakati Ye-Lang uye Wen-Lang. Ikoko kwaivapo, nenzira yekubhadhara, a Văn Lang iri zvakare kumaodzanyemba, pane chikamu chematanho ezuva ranhasi Central Vietnam; zvingadaro here Văn-Lang izvo izvo vanyori vakanyadzisa nazvo Ye-lang ndikafunga kuti humambo huviri uhwu hwakafanana.
VLn Lang, yekutanga umambo hwevietnam, inofanirwa kunge yaigara munzvimbo yakanyanya kuvharirwa kupfuura iyo ye Xích Quỷ. Rondedzero yematunhu anowanzo kupihwa nenhoroondo dzakasiyana siyana uye ngano haisanganisi chero nharaunda ine chekuita ne Tong-T'ing nyanza6. Matunhu gumi nemaviri haapfuure Kouang-si uye Kouang-tong kuchamhembe.
The Văn Lang aive nehupenyu hwakareba. Il yanga yaparadzirwa pakati Hùng Madzimambo kubva pane ingano nguva kusvika 257 BC, zuva rekuwedzera kwaro na An Dương Vương7, muchinda Pa-Chou (Ba Thục).
Tiye ruzivo rwatinogona kuunganidzapo Văn Lang masangano ezvematongerwo enyika uye hupenyu hwemagariro zvinotorwa kubva Chinese zvinyorwa, kwete anterior kuna 4th zana ramakore edu, uye kubva Zvinyorwa zveVietnamese zvakanyanyisa kuitika (14th zana remakore) asi ichipa chokwadi chekare kwazvo nezvitendero.
Tiko kusagadzikana kwekunyora tafura yehupenyu hwoumambo uhu kunogara mukuomerwa kugadzirisa iyo nguva, kana kunyangwe chikamu chemazana emakore icho chingave chinoshanda. Iyo Hùng imba pamwe akatonga mukati memakore angasvika churu, kana tikabvuma avhareji yemakumi mashanu emakore kutonga kumwe neumwe; apo pfupiso ichiona Hupenyu hwaVăn Lang zvirimo mumagwaro mashoma akapararira uye imwe nhamba yengano iyo kudzidza kwakakomba kwakatangwa naHENRY MASPERO. Pa 18 Hùng madzimambo yakaverengwa netsika, isu tine mashoma mashoma onomastical uye chronological chaiyo.
Any general tafura ine nzira, dzinofungidzirwa, semuenzaniso, kune gore 1000 BC, kana 300 BC. Kunze kwezvo, hwakawanda kwazvo hunhu hweavo hunhu hunogona kunge huri hwamaEpochs kumashure kwe Văn Lang kingdom uye ingadai yakaendeswa kwairi ne vanyori vevietnam ye14th uye 15th mazana emakore.
The Văn-Lang umambo, kana munhu achitenda muzvinyorwa, yaive nyika yehutongi, yakarongeka mumatanho asi yakapihwa masimba. Yakaiswa pasi pechirevo che a Hung (akashingakana (Lạc) mambo uyo pakutanga aive asarudzirwa kushinga uye hushingi. Izvo kutanga Hùng mambo akatonga pa Phong Châu8, nzvimbo iri muzuva ranhasi Bạch Hạc. Aive wedangwe mwanakomana wa Lạc Long Quân, tateguru we Mazana Yue (Việt) kureva nhasi-nhasi Vietnamese, aive zvakare genie mudziviriri weiye wekutanga Vietnamese imba. Yokutanga Hùng mambo yakakamura iyo Văn Lang ndima mumatunhu akavharirwa hama dzake vangangodaro vari ivo Lạc Marquis (Lạc Hầu kana madzishe ehurumende).
Those matunhu pachavo akakamurwa kuita zvidimbu zvakapihwa hama dzamambo kana vanhu vemhuri yehumambo (Lạc Tướng Kana vakuru vemauto). Matunhu aigara madzishe akadai akadaidzwa Lạc Điền.
Public mabasa akadai samambo, marquis, vakuru (kana madzishe) zvinoita kunge zvakagara nhaka. Vanhurume vana vamambo vaive nezita rekuti Quan-Lang nevakadzi vakadaidzwa Mệ Nàng or Mỵ Nương9. Vanhu vakafananidza iro rezvematongerwo enyika nehurongwa hwehutongi hwuchiripo parime razvino mumatunhu epakati nepakati kumatunhu eNorth Vietnam, kunyanya Mường10 izvo zvichiri nehurongwa hwevatongi venhaka, vakabatana pakati pavo nezvisungo zvevassality uye hutongi. Vagari ve Văn Lang yakanga yasvika pamwero wakati webudiriro. Kugara nhaka matekiniki ewavo Xích Quỷ madzitateguru, ivo vaive vavandudza ivo uye vakatogadzira matsva. Vaive varimi vaishandisa moto kubvisa ivhu, nemapadza kurima. Vakabva vauya kuzodzidzira kucheka nekupisa matochi; vakadyara nekukohwa mupunga unonamira uye usina kutsvedza (Ona ngano yaBánh Chưng). Ivo, vakatanga vabika sadza ravo mumatope emishenjere, ndokuzouya kuzoshandisa ivhu nehari dzesimbi. Vaiziva nezvendarira. Vaivewo varedzi uye vafambisi vengarava. Vakarongedza uye vakapenda pamiviri yavo mifananidzo yemadhiragoni (makarwe kana nguruve), nyoka nedzimwe mhuka dzemumvura kuti vazvisimbise nezvekudzivirirwa kwemashiripiti kumhuka idzo dzavanotya kurwiswa. Nechinangwa chimwe chete, vakakwevera pazvikepe zvavo nemidziyo misoro mizhinji uye maziso emhuka dzemumvura. Hembe dzawo pakutanga dzaive dzakagadzirwa nehuswa hwemashizha. Vairukawo mati. Dzimba dzavo dzakavakirwa pakakwirira kuti vadzivise kurwiswa kwese kunogona kuitika nezvikara. Ivo vakatakura, maererano nezvimwe Chinese zvinyorwa, bvudzi refu muchignon rinotsigirwa ne ngowani. Zvinoenderana nedzimwe ngano dzechiVietnam dzavaive nadzo, nekusiyana, nevhudzi pfupi kuitira kutiita kuti vafambe mumasango ane makomo“. Ivo vakashandisa areca-nzungu uye betel. Kusviba kwemazino hakuratidzwe zvakajeka mungano yebetel uye areca-nul muti kana ngano yeiyo Cao (cau) mhuri, asi vadzidzi vazhinji veVietnamese vanoidzosera iyo kunguva yepakutanga. Vanofanira kunge vaive vanamati ve totem uye vaiita zvibayiro zvevanhu zvakagara kusvika gumith zana ramakore edu, uye maitiro akadaro angadai akatsikirirwa ne Mambo Đinh Tiên Hoàng11. Michato pakati pavo yaitaridzika kunge yaive yemahara uye yaiitwa mumwaka wekurudzira. Betel uye areca-nzungu dzakatamba chinzvimbo chakakura mukuvimbisana. Tsika dzekuroora dzaisanganisira chibairo nemabiko usati wapera.
If mumwe anotenda mungano dzechivietnam, panguva yekutonga kwa Hùng madzimambo uye pamwe kusvika kumagumo edzinza ravo, hukama husina kunangana hwakasimbiswa ne Occident kana zvimwe zvakapusa ne Maodzanyemba ekumaodzanyemba. The Nhoroondo yeMvura Melon inoita kunge inopupurira kusvika Vietnam yevatorwa vedzinza rakasiyana vangadai vakaunza kunze kwenyika mbeu, uye izvi pamwe negungwa (3rd zana ramakore BC.?).
References :
1: PIERRE HUARD (16 October 1901, Bosnia - 28 Kubvumbi 1983) aive chiremba wechiFrench (chiremba anovhiya uye anatomist).Hanoï, Paris), Rector we Yunivhesiti Félix Houphouët-Boigny, piyona munhoroondo yekurapa. (Ona zvese zvese: P. HUARD)
2: MAURICE DURAND aive mutauro wechiFrench-chiVietnam akaberekerwa muHanoi. (Ona zvese zvese: M. DURAND)
3: ƠU CƠ (嫗 姬) yaive, maererano neshoko rekusika re Vanhu veVietnamese, ngano yemumakomo isingafi yakaroora Lạc Long Quân ("Dhiragoni Ishe weLac"), Uye ndokubereka zai saga rakachekera vana zana vanozivikanwa pamwe chete se Bách Việt, madzitateguru kuna Vanhu veVietnamese. (Ona zvese zvese: ƠU CƠ)
4: Rwizi rwebhuruu: rinoreva Yangtze Rwizi, dzimwe nguva inonzi se Rwizi rweBlue muzvinyorwa zvekare zveChirungu. Iyo yangtze or Yangzi (Chirungu: / ˈJæŋtsi / kana / ɑːŋjɑːŋtsi /) ndiro rwizi rurefu (6,300 km # 3,900 miin Asia, yechitatu-refu kwazvo munyika uye yakarebesa pasi rose kuyerera zvizere mukati merimwe nyika. Inosimuka pa Jari Chikomo mu Tanggula Makomo (Tibetan Plateau) uye inoyerera 6,300 km (3,900 mi) munzira inowanzoenda kumabvazuva kuEast China Gungwa. Ndirwo rwizi rwechitanhatu pakukura nekubuditsa huwandu pasi.
5: HENRI PAUL GASTON MASPERO (15/12/1883, Paris - 17/3/1945, Musasa wevasungwa weBuchenwald, Nazi Germany) aive chiremba wechivi wechiFrench uye purofesa uyo akapa kune dzakasiyana misoro ine chekuita ne East Asia. (Ona zvese zvese: HENRI PAUL GASTON MASPERO) (Ona zvese: HENRI MASPERO)
6: Tong-T'ing nyanza or Dongting Lake (Chinese: 庭 湖) idziva hombe, risina kudzika kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva Dunhu reHunan, China.
7: AN DƯƠNG VƯƠNG ndiye aive mambo uye iye ega mutongi we umambo hwa ạu Lạc, dzekare dzekare nyika yakanangana ne Red River Delta. Semutungamiri we Ệu Việt madzinza, akakunda wekupedzisira Hùng mambo ye mamiriro eVăn Lang uye yakabatanidza vanhu vayo - vanozivikanwa se Lac Vietnam - nevanhu vake iyo Âu Việt. An Dương Vương akatiza uye akazviuraya mushure mehondo ne Nanyue mauto muna 179 BCE. (Ona zvese: ANE DƯƠNG VƯƠNG)
8: Phong Châu (峯 州, Bạch Hạc Dunhu, Việt Trì, Phú Thọ Province nhasi) yaive iyo guta guru reVăn Lang (ikozvino Viet Nam) kune chikamu chikuru che Hồng Bàng nguva,1 kubva ku Dzinza rechitatu ku Dzinza regumi nemasere of Hùng madzimambo.
9: Mỵ Nương (ChiChinese: 媚 娘 kana 媚 嬝) iri zita rinoshandiswa panguva ye Hong Bang nguva kureva mwanasikana we Hung madzimambo. (Ona zvese: MỴ NƯƠNG)
10: Iyo Mường (Vietnamese: Người Mường) kana Mwai iri dzinza rakazvarwa ku kuchamhembe kweVietnam. The Muong ndiyo nyika yechitatu pakukura pamakumi mashanu emapoka, ane huwandu hunofungidzirwa hwevanhu 53 miriyoni (maererano necensus ye2019). The Muong vanhu gara munzvimbo ine makomo ye kuchamhembe kweVietnam, yakadzika mukati H Provincea Bình Province nematunhu ane makomo e Thanh Hoa Province. Ivo vakanyanya kuenderana ne dzinza Vietnamese (Kinh). (Ona zvese: MƯỜNG)
11: ĐINH BỘ LĨNH (924-979) (r. 968–979), rakatumidzwa zita Đinh Hoàn (丁 桓 1), yaive yekutanga Vietnamese mambo zvichitevera kusunungurwa kwenyika kubva mukutonga kwa ChiChinese Maodzanyemba Han Dzinza, pamwe nemuvambi wenguva pfupi Đinh Dzinza uye akakosha chimiro mukugadzwa kwe Vietnamese rusununguko uye kubatana kwezvematongerwo enyika muzana regumi. (Ona zvese: ĐINH TIÊN HOÀNG)
ZVINYORWA :
◊ Zvinyorwa: Connaissance muVietnam - P. HUARD. Hanoi, 1954.
◊ Mufananidzo: wikipedia.com.
◊ Musoro wemusoro, zvinyorwa, mavara, mavara, italic zvinyorwa, zvakaratidzwa sepia mufananidzo wakagadzwa naBan Tu Thư - gvanevachar.com
BANISA TU THƯ
6 / 2021