SoC TRANG - Cochinchina

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NAMARCEL BERNANOISE¹

I. Zvepanyama Geography

     Dunhu iri chikamu chebani rakakura rinouumba Lower Cochin-China. Pasi rakapetwa rakaenzana, iyo yakakwirira ivhu isina mamita maviri pamusoro pegungwa. Kune rimwe divi, kune akawanda magomba, kunyanya kuseri kwemapute akatevedza Gungwa reEast, uye kumadokero, kumiganhu ye Rachgia [Rạch Giá] uye Cantho [Cần Thơ], ipo ivhu riri pasi pegungwa. Munguva yekunaya, dunhu repakati rakazara mafashama. Neraki, iyi monotony yakafanana yakaputsika pano nepapo ne "screens" yakaumbwa inoumbwa neakasvibirira inokura pamusoro pegiongs, masecha jecha emadzongwe ekare akasimudzirwa pamusoro pemapani akapoteredzwa, akafukidzwa nemiti mikuru uye bamboo. Aya ma giongs anoshandiswa kwekugara. Ivhu riri alluvial. Kune pese panogadzikwa Argil (ivhu) yakasanganiswa nejecha uye slime yakafukidzwa nemasentimita mashoma evhu. Panyika ino yakasarudzika, mibhedha yenzizi dzemvura dzakadzika kwazvo muvhu, umo mvura inonaya ichibva yaunganidzwa pakadzika; pakukwirira kwakakura vanofashukira nemahombekombe uye vozadza nyika pasina rubatsiro kubva kuvagari.

MABHUKU

     Hutongi hwatungamira mukuvandudzwa kwemakona anochera matunhu maanopfuura, nekushandura matunhu akadzika, asina hutano, ane maruwa kuva matunhu akaorera uye ane vanhu vazhinji. Hupfumi hwepurovhinzi hwakakura zvakanyanya mukati memakore makumi maviri apfuura, nekuda kweakakosha net-basa remagetsi. Turafiki yakawedzera zvakanyanya kubva pakagadziriswa nzira iyi yemigwagwa. Mabox uye ma sampuli yaive nzira dzekutanga dzekufambisa dzakatsiviwa zvakanyanya nemota dzemotokari. Muna 20 maive nemotokari makumi mana neshanu mudunhu, ikozvino paine zana nemakumi masere nenomwe uye dziri kuramba dzichiwedzerwa. Kunze kwemigwagwa iyi, kune nzira dzekukurukurirana nemvura pakati peruwa uye Saigon [Sài Gòn] neCambodia. Ini ndinopa zano vhiki kune iyo "Mharidzo fluorales" sevhisi yekutanga pakati Saigon [Sài Gòn] uye Dai Ngai [Đại Ngãi], achishevedzera mytho [Mỹ Tho], Vinhlong [Vĩnh Yakareba], just [Sa Đéc], Chaudoc [Châu Đốc], Longxuyen [Long Xuyên] uye Cantho [Cần Thơ]. Kune zvakare sevhisi yekuChina inotangwa kwevapfuuri uye zvinhu kubva:

1. Soctrang [Sóc Trăng] kusvika Rachgia [Rạch Giá];
2. Soctrang [Sóc Trăng] kusvika Phom Penh [Pnôm Pênh], achidana Cantho [Cần Thơ] uye Chaudoc [Châu Đốc].

II. Yekutonga Geography

     Ruwa rwunotongwa nomuchengeti anodzora basa rezvematongerwo enyika uye rezvekutonga mudunhu uye aine mutevedzeri-wecomputer. Kune kanzuru yechipiri yedare redzimhosva inotungamirwa nevatongi vatatu, vobatsirwa naClerk weDare, pamwe nemachinda maviri anobatsira. Kune murwi weuto Soctrang [Sóc Trăng], ine kambani ye1^st Nzvimbo yeAnnamite sharpshooters. Iko kune anodzora etsika uye anokatyamadza nevamiriri vaviri vabatsiri controller, zvakare muongorori wematunhu eBaixau. Chikoro (koreji yekuraira yeruzhinji) muguta guru rinotungamirirwa naProfessor, anotarisisa zvimwe zvikoro zviri mukati medunhu. An accountant ane mutoro wepfuma. Dunhu rakakamurwa kuita matunhu mana ekutonga, anotongwa na Phus [Phủ] kana Huyens [Huyện], ndivapi vamiriri vedavhuna wedunhu. Kune matangi gumi nemaviri nemisha makumi masere. Mutaundi guru mune chipatara chevaSista "de la Providence de Portieux", chakariritirwa nharaunda, uye zvikoro zviviri (Makoreji emirairo yeruzhinji), imwe yevakomana, uye imwe yevasikana, Zvikoro zveElementary zvakavhurwa mumisha yakawanda. Maitiro ehutsanana atovepo kana ave kuda kuiswa munzvimbo dzese dzakakosha. Kugoverwa kwezviridzwa, zvishandiso nemidziyo yekudzidzisa yeruzhinji uye rubatsiro rwekurapa kuchapera.

ROPA

     Huwandu hwepurovhinzi hwawedzera zvakanyanya mukati memakore makumi maviri apfuura. Kuwedzera hakuna kungokonzerwa nekuwandisa kwekuzvarwa pamusoro pekufa, asi zvakare, nekuda kwekufungisisa kutama, nekuda kwekusimudzira hupfumi hwenyika zvichitevera kuvakwa kwemakona. Muna 20 huwandu hwaisanganisira 1894 maAnnamites, 57.000 veCambodians, 38.000 Chinese, 10.000 veEuropean, huwandu hwevagari ve60. Parizvino pane: 105.000 Annamites, 117.000 veCambodians, 55.000 Chinese, 11.000 Minh Huong [Minh Hương] uye 164 vekuEurope, vanhu vanosvika zviuru zana nemazana manomwe. Ruzhinji rwevaAnnamites varimi vekurima. Kune vakati wandei varidzi vakuru veminda vakawana maturakiti makuru evhu ravakasiya varimi. Ma Chineses, kunyanya kugara pa Soctrang [Sóc Trăng], akawanda uye akapfuma. Ivo ndevowo distilleries, saw-mill, uye ruzhinji rwebhizinesi dzimba. Mazhinji minda yavo yemupunga.

III. Ehupfumi Geography

    The Province of Soctrang [Sóc Trăng] ine nharaunda ye 238.000 mahekita uye chikamu chose chayo chakaiswa kushandiswa, uye chinenge chose chiri pasi pekurimwa kwemupunga. Kukohwa kunosvika avhareji yematani makumi maviri nematatu, zviuru makumi maviri nezvishanu, makumi masere makumi masere. Iyo mari yakatumirwa ndeye zviuru zana nemazana masere, zvichiva chikamu chimwe chete pazvikamu gumi zvekutengesa kunze kweCochin-China. Kune anenge gumi nemaviri maFrance ma Colonist mudunhu. Ini ivore yavo, MM Gressier uye Labaste vanobata maturakiti akakura anopfuura 260.000 mahekita (anenge 12.500 maeka).

INDUSTRY

     Kune maviri ekushongedza michina, anoshanda neshiza, imwe yawo ndeya M. Gressier: iri pakati penzvimbo yake inogona kubata matani zana nemakumi mashanu emupunga chena zuva nezuva.

BANISA TU THƯ
1 / 2020

CHERECHEDZA:
1: Marcel Georges Bernanoise (1884-1952) - Painter, akaberekerwa muValenciennes - dunhu rekuchamhembe kweFrance. Pfupiso yehupenyu nebasa:
+ 1905-1920: Kushanda muIndochina uye mutariri webasa kunaGavhuna weIndochina;
+ 1910: Mudzidzisi kuFar East Chikoro cheFrance;
+ 1913: Kudzidzira hunyanzvi hwendudzi uye kuburitsa huwandu hwezvinyorwa zveunyanzvi;
+ 1920: Akadzokera kuFrance akaronga kuratidzira kwehunyanzvi muNancy (1928), Paris (1929) - mifananidzo yepanyika nezveLorraine, Pyrenees, Paris, Midi, Villefranche-sur-mer, Saint-Tropez, Ytalia, pamwe nezvimwe zviyeuchidzo. kubva kuFar East;
+ 1922: Kuburitsa mabhuku pamusoro peKushongedza Kwehunyanzvi muTonkin, Indochina;
+ 1925: Won mubairo mukuru paColonial Exhibition muMarseille, uye akabatana nemugadziri wePavillon de l'Indochine kugadzira seti yezvinhu zvemukati;
+ 1952: Anofa aine makore makumi masere nemasere uye anosiya huwandu hukuru hwepende nemifananidzo;
+ 2017: Musangano wake wokupenda wakatanga kubudiswa nevazukuru vake.

References:
"Bhuku"LA COCHINCHINE”- Marcel Bernanoise - Hong Duc [Hong Duc] Vaparidzi, Hanoi, 2018.
◊  wikipedia.org
◊ Akashinga uye akatsanangura mazwi eVietnamese akaiswa mukati memakotesheni mavara - akaiswa naBan Tu Thu.

ONA ZVAKAWANDA:
◊  CHOLON - La Cochinchine - Chikamu 1
◊  CHOLON - La Cochinchine - Chikamu 2
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◊  COCHINCHINA