Hanoi - Mapepadhi - FOSSILISED HERITAGES - Akavanzika mazwi
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By Prof. Assoc. HUNG NGUYEN MANH1
Hanoi, Yekare Yakareba - guta rekare, ikozvino rave razvino. Imwe chiuru - yakareba "tsika" nhoroondo inogona kunge yakachengetedzwa mumamyuziyamu nekuda kwekuyedza kweavo ekuchera matongo, echinyakare uye emapazi enhoroondo kuitira kuti achengetedzwe seyakavanzika. Nekudaro, zviri pachena kuti nekuda kwekuchengetedza makadhi epositi, hurefu hwezvivakwa uye migwagwa yekupfuura makore zana aHanoi, yave iripo sezvisingaori zvezvimedu zvezvimedu, zvinoenderana nenzira iyo Sangano renyika dzese rechinyakare rinoti. Iwo iwo mafossilized mifananidzo yezana apfuura zana-tsika zvimiti zve MaFrance maKoloni in Vietnam. Panguva iyoyo kamera payakavapo, iyo mifananidzo yasara, yaratidza pfungwa dzakadzama nezve kuyerera kwevanhu ... Kubva panguva ya Columbus, The 15th zana, yaive nguva iyo Latin America yakawanikwa, iyo yakavhura nzira yekuvandudzwa kwerubatsiro rwekunyama pane pasi rakapfuma rakawanda mune zvakasikwa zviwanikwa. Chiitiko ichi chakafemesa vaongorori, mamishinari, uye Mauto eEurope mauto ekufambisa… Vese vakaenda kumberi kune vasina hanya nyika yeAsia. Ivo vakateerera Vietnam sechitubu chekatikati kupinda China mainland kurota kuvaka kwakasimba uye kwakanaka kukoloni mumweya wekubudirira nekushandiswa kweuto remauto kugara, kutonga mijenya-yenzvimbo dzepasi. Zvese kamwe chete, Vietnam pamwe chete Hanoi, Saigon mu Indochinese zone yakanga yave yakatarisana neyoo-colonistist maitiro.
Chaizvoizvo, iyo Vanhu veVietnamese ndakanga ndanakidzwa nehupenyu hwepamberi munzira yekumadokero sekunyora kwakaita "Tsika heritages uye mushure zvinokonzerwa nevaFrance vaivapo muVietnam"Akange ataura. Mushure mekudurura kwakawanda kweropa uye kubvarura zvizvarwa Vanhu veVietnamese chakange chapa kubwinya kwenhoroondo kurwira rusununguko rwenyika. The Vanhu veVietnamese yakanga yagamuchira izvo tsika yezvinhu uye budiriro kubva French yakanga yaenda!
Tanzwa munhu anonzi zita raHanoi, Ndine fungidziro yekuti ndiyo maungira kubva kare-kare - zviuru zvemakore apfuura, asi pachokwadi iro zita raive pamutemo kubva ku Dare reHue (maererano nechisungo chakaitwa Gumiguru 1st, 1888 yaDong Khanh dare) iyo nzvimbo inoyera yenyika yakapihwa kuna French. Izvo zvaive zvisiri pachena kuti Mutungamiri weFrance yakanga yakavakirwa pachikonzero chei chimwe chikonzero kuti chirevo chakapihwa kuti zita rivepo (July 19,1888) kuitira kuti utore izvi Thang Tare uye ikachichinja kuita risi - bata nzvimbo (Chikunguru, 19, 1888). Nechiyero chebudiriro chinowanikwa pamwechete neyekare - mweya werudo, iyo French panguva yekutonga yaive yakachengeta mazita echinyakare emigwagwa asi aya akange adudzirwa mukati French. Nekudaro, mamwe mazita akashandurwa kuita mazita matsva, akadai Rue General de Beylite2 kutsiva Bhanana mugwagwa2, Cobanere2 kutsiva Pe Street2, Rue Jean Dupuis2kutsiva Mat Street2.
apo French Vakavaka migwagwa yekumadokero nenzvimbo nyowani dzekugara, ivo vanga vakaisa mazita evakuru, mazita evatongi, avo akawanda mabhuku akaramba achitsanangura maitiro avo panguva yavakarwisa chikamu chekuchamhembe nyika yaPaul Doumer3, iye munyori webhuku uye zambuko, rine zita rekuti rakatumidzwa zita rake - iyo Doumer Bridge. Vagari vemuguta reHanoi kubva pazuva ravo rekuzvarwa kusvika parufu rwavo vanofanira kunge vakayambuka bhiriji iri kamwe chete. Uyezve French akanyorawo akati wandei mazwi eiyo nzira yekufambisa: mhaswa (kutenderera), Gare (Chiteshi chechitima), Autorail (chitima chemagetsi. Kubva ipapo zvichienda mberi, vanhu mukati Hanoi pamwe chete Saigon akatanga kutaura French sanganiswa ne Vietnamese. Mazwi akadaro tu, iwe (iwekana “mec xa lit"Kutsiura,"takasangana xi (Ndatenda), kupousse pousse (vanhu - yakadhirowewa kabhu), Kurumeé (musika), chemin de fer (railwayman), Feu (moto)… Nenguva iyoyo munhu ane shungu yekunzwa mudetembi anga awana nhetembo dzekuvhura nzira yekuratidzira kudanana neyekutsoropodza hunhu. Pamberi pekukanganiswa kwemabhuku echinyakare. Iri bhuku rakanga rakadzika midzi mu Han (mutauro weChina) yakazotsiviwa ne Latin uye French. When Latin America yakanga yachinja kare, Indochina akange achinja zuva nezuva zuva raitevera. Iwo wakauya muhupenyu. “Mimhanzi yegoridhe .. Sei? “Mimhanzi yegoridhe""akarova”Moyo wakasurukirwa wakadaro! Nei yakanga yasonanidza rudo rwechokwadi, rwakadanana uye rwakareruka-moyo? Sei yakanga yaunzawo rudo rwenyika rwakadai? Kunyangwe ndaneta ne "kupera kwemusika pakuvharwa kwayo"(kuderera kwe) iyo yechinyakare nzira yekudzidza uye kuongorora panguva Nam Dinh yekuongorora nzvimbo the wane the yekare kudzidza kweChinese.
Boka revatadza vakamira vakamira vakatarisa,
Iye anofarira kupasa bvunzo!
Chair on the chair French Mukadzi arikutsikisa matinji ake,
Pane yadhi yepasi pasi, iyo bachelors'heads iri kusimudza.
Ndima dzisingafi dzakanyorwa na "vakakundikana”Pamberi paIshe ChiFrench chekufambisa muchina wekutonga! Zvisinei, iyo Vietnamese mambo ndiani agere zvisina mutsindo pachigaro chendarama! Ainyatsonzwisisa kusuwa kwekufirwa nyika yake here?
Kunyangwe adaidzwa Hanoi kuitira kuyeuchidza - zvaitaridzika Hanoi akange aratidzika rudo kwemazana emakore. Kunyange zvakadaro, yaive Thang Yakareba izvo zvaivendangariro dzechinyakare”Pane ese Vanhu veVietnamese. Zvisingapfuure, Thang Yakareba kubva ku Ly youdzinza (XI yezana) yaimbova imba yamambo ine madziro akapoterera, iine magedhi mana akatarisa kunzira ina: Kumabvazuva - Kumadokero - Maodzanyemba - Maodzanyemba. Nezve chimiro chikuru, Thang Yakareba yakagovaniswa nemuganhu wayo muzvikwata makumi matanhatu neshanu zvemabasa emaoko zvine hunyanzvi mukugadzira nemabasa emaoko akasiyana uye nekutengesa nekutengesa. Asi kubva kuXI kusvika kuzana remakore reXV, matavi mazhinji emaoko akange ave zvikwata zvine hunyanzvi mu "kuruka silika uye satin", Kugadzira porcelain, bronze, jewelry, joss - mapepa zvinhu,"hie ita”- rhamnoneuron bepa, bepa rechipfuva… Paive nema alsotrades aipurinda mifananidzo yevanhu, kugadzira mafeni, kana kugadzira waini yemupunga. Kusvika pa Thang Nguva yakareba. Pakutanga kwezana XX yezana zita raizivikanwa se Hanoi, zvigadzirwa zvemaoko zvakagadziriswa zvakange zvakabata maziso a ChiFrench Oriental kudzidza, HENRY OGER, uyo akaunza iyo itsva monographic nzira yekushandisa marekodhi kunyora uye kuratidza nekushandisa nekunyora mapuranga kuitira kudhinda, iyo yainzi Maitiro evanhu veNam (Technique dupeople Anamite)4.
The 36 mumugwagwa-aiti yakanga yaumbwa zvichienderana nesangano rekutonga revanhu uye nharaunda kana mugwagwa munguva yekudyara, handizvo here? Muchokwadi, maererano nemagwaro panguva yekugara kwe Hanoi, nguva kubva muna Kukadzi 2, 1947 kusvika Gunyana 1954, iyo French yakanga yapatsanura iyo yomukati metumba mukati 36-mumigwagwa. Kubva ipapo zvichienda mberi, iwo mufananidzo we Hanoi yakatanga kuchinjika kuva kumadokero kwedhorobha. Kunyangwe vachisangana kuburikidza nekuchinja kwakawanda kwenhoroondo, iyo mufananidzo uye Hupenyu hweTang Long mazuva ano zvave zvakasarudzika mumweya nehana dze Vanhu veVietnamese. Nekudaro, iyo fomu yehafu yekoloniist uye nehafu feudal nzanga, sevazhinji vanyori mukati Hanoi Vakazvidaidza, vakatadza kukanganisa chifananidzo chekuti vanhu vagare pamwechete padurawadhi rimwe chete, kana zviitiko zvechikepe mu Hanoi.
Kana uchidzidza maitiro nemaitiro evanhu, nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzekutakura vana vevana vamai kana hanzvadzi dzaivapo pane imwe nguva yatingade kuti tisarudze sezvinoonekwa pazasi.
Nhasi, nemvumo ye magazini Xua & Kwete (Yakare - Yemagazini Yemazuva Ano), tinoda kuratidza mifananidzo yaive yashandiswa sechiyeuchidzo kubva kuunganidzwa iyo French yakanga yashandisa macamera kurekodha. Kwete chete vanhu veHanoi kunakidzwa nokuvaona asiwo zvizere Vanhu veVietnamese uye vamwe vanhu vanogona kuzviona sechitambi chisingakanganwiki chekoloni French raive raitwa pane tkis iri kure nzvimbo ye Far East.
◊ Hanoi - POSTCARDS, Fossil Legacies - HANOI, TONKIN - French Indochina - Chikamu 1.
ZVINYORWA:
1: NGUYEN MANH HUNG -Tsika Heritages uye Aftereffects evaFrance maKoloni muVietnam'', "Nhoroondo yeVietnam mune Modem Nguva"- Kosi huru iri kudzidziswa pa Hong Bang University Yenyika Dzese, Osaka University in Japani mu Vietnamese Yekudzidza Chirongwa. Dr HUNG vakapawo hurukuro pamusoro pezvidzidzo izvi pa California State University Fullerton - USA, pa Incheon University - Korea, Ecole Orientcle Paris - France uye kumayunivhesiti akati kuti South South East Asia (Sodasat, South Asia University).
2: Sekureva kwa NGUYEN VAN CHUC - Dudziro yemigwagwa muHanoi - Hanoi Publishing House, 2010, mapeji 10 —13.
3: PAUL DOUMER - Zita rizere JOSEPH ALHNASE DOUMER (1857-1932) Gavhuna Gavhuna weIndochina uye Mutungamiri weFrance (1931-1932) yakatsiviwa ne Latin uye French. When Latin America yakanga yachinja kare, Indochina akange achinja zuva nezuva zuva raitevera. Ipapo kwakauya muhupenyu.
4: Iyi ndiyo thesis yeiyo Batanidza Chiremba Degree muNhoroondo yemunyori NGUYEN MANH HUNG. Akange apawo basa rake kuunza pachena izvo zvaidavirwa kuvanda nekusingaperi mugwaro rekwaresheni rakavanzika mune Raibhurari Yenyika in Hanoi uye Archaeology Raibhurari (pamberi pe1975in Saigon, iyo yainzi sepfuma kuvhara ziso kubva kuhondo. Isu tichaburitsa maviri akapatsanurwa mavhoriyamu nezve Tekinoroji yeAn Nam. (Tekinoroji yevanhu veAnamite) nekutanga kwechitubu ichi).
BAN TU THU
08 / 2020
ZVINYORWA:
◊ Kunobva: HANOI, POSTCARDS - Fossilized Heritages, Prof. Assoc. Dr. en Nhoroondo HUNG NGUYEN MANH & Muteresi, Master TRUC MWANA NGUYEN PHAN, Hong Duc Vaparidzi, Hanoi, 2015.
◊ Mese italics zvinyorwa uye mifananidzo sepiaized yakaiswa neBAN TU THU - gvanevachar.com.