GIA ĐINH - Cochinchina

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NAMARCEL BERNANOISE¹

I. Zvepanyama Geography

KUTONGA

     The Province of Giadinh [Gia Định] iri kumabvazuva kweCochin-China uye inosvikika parwizi Saigon [Saigon] kure kure kwemakiromita zana, kubva kumuganhu weProvince Tayninh [Tay Ninh] kugungwa reGanh Rai, pagungwa reEast. The maguta Saigon [Saigon] uye Cho Lon [Chợ Lớn] yaimbova yedunhu re Giadinh [Gia Định], vakaparadzaniswa kubva kwazviri kubva zvavakave Mabhizimusi. Iyo nzvimbo yakasarudzika yepurovhinzi iri panzvimbo inodarika mahekita 180.000.

    Mapurovhinzi anodirana Giadinh [Gia Định] nde: kuchamhembe, mudunhu re Thudaumot [Thủ Đầu Một], kumabvazuva, matunhu Bienhoa [Biên Hoà] uye Baria [Bà Rịa]; kumaodzanyemba nemavirira, iwo matunhu e Gocong [Gò Công], Cho Lon [Chợ Lớn] uye Tayninh [Tay Ninh].

II. Yekutonga Geography

    Pamusoro wedunhu (senge mune mamwe maprovince ese eCochin-China) pane iye mukuru maneja wepurovhinzi, achibatsirwa nemutevedzeri-manejimendi, anomumiririra pazvinenge zvakakodzera, pasi pechiremera chakanangana naGavhuna weColony. Mambo wedunhu anobatsira nekanzuru inopa zano, inonzi kanzuru yedunhu, uye pasi pemirairo chaiyo yemutungamiriri ndivo nhume dzinotungamira, madzishe nemutevedzeri wemadzishe emakanzuru, pamwe neMameya ematunhu. The Province of Giadinh [Gia Định] inosanganisira 4 kutumira (Govap [Gò Vấp], Thuduc [Thủ Đức], Hocmon [Hốc Môn], Nhabe [Nhà Bè]), 17 makatoni uye 166 matunhu.

III. Ehupfumi Geography

KUCHIRIRA

    Dunhu re Giadinh [Gia Định] yakakamurwa kuva miviri yakajeka piti. a) Matunhu akadzika ekunyepedzera anosanganisira iyo nzizi yeRwizi rweSaigon, runotora kubva ku Saigon [Saigon] kugungwa. b) Iyo yakakura inamarara ejecha matunhu anotambanuka kubva Saigon [Saigon] kumiganhu yenyika Tayninh [Tay Ninh] uye Bienhoa [Biên Hoà]. Aya matunhu maviri ezvipenga anoenderana nematunhu maviri ezvirimwa pakurima nemaitiro ezvavanogadzira. Matunhu ekunyepa akadzika ari mupunga iwo anokura. Asi matunhu ari padyo negungwa anozadzwa nemvura yakasviba uye akafukidzwa nemasango emvura; kunyanya mangroves. Iwo matunhu akakwira anenge akakwenenzverwa chose, kunze kwedunhu re marshy Cau An Ha [Cầu An Hạ]. Pakupoterera maguta makuru e Giadinh [Gia Định], Govap [Enda Vap], Thuduc [Thu Duc] uye Horoni [Hốc Môn], iyo nyika yakakamurwa kwazvo kuita mijenya, uye yawana kukosha kukuru. Kurimwa kukuru ndekwe mupunga, nzimbe-nzimbe nefodya. Kurimwa kwemupunga kuri kuderera gore rimwe nerimwe, zvichiita nzira yekudyara kwakawanda sosi-nzimbe nefodya. Pakati pekurimwa kwechipiri ndekwekutengesa gadheni, zvigadzirwa zvacho zviri nyore kuraswa mumisika ye Saigon [Saigon] uye Cho Lon [Chợ Lớn].Rubber) masango.

INDUSTRY

    Izvi zvinomiririrwa zvikuru nemagetsi emagetsi mazhinji uye nemakina decortication michina, zvakare neanochenesa shuwa, saw-mills, mamwe dhayi-works uye ma pottery. Kune, zvakare, granite uye kumashure kwenyaya, mapepa-mill, uye iyo huru distillery iri Thuduc [Thu Duc], uye indasitiri yehove pamhenderekedzo.

ROADS uye KUTAMBIRA

    The Province of Giadinh [Gia Định] ine yakakosha mambure-basa remigwagwa, anopfuura mazana mashanu km. yenzira dzakarongedzwa, uye kupfuura 500km. yomumigwagwa ine simbi yekumaruwa kana isina akarongedzwa. Nyika inodhonzwa nechitima kubva Saigon [Saigon] Nhatrang [Nha Trang] (Annam [An Nam]), neine tramway yemagetsi kubva Saigon [Saigon] kuenda Govap, uye netauro tramway kubva Govap kuenda Hocmon, uye kubva Govap [Enda Vap] Laithieu [Lai Thieu] (Thudaumot [Thủ Dầu Một. Dunhu rinewo akawanda mota mota mabasa. Uyezve, kutakurwa nemvura kunovimbiswa nekambani ye "Messageries Fluviales" yeCochin-China, pakati Saigon [Saigon], Cape St. Jacques uye Baria [Bà Rịa], achidana Chinhu [Thít] uye Cangio [Cần Giờ].

VAKURU

    Iko hakuna chakakosha kufarira kutaurwa panhau iyi. Kune angori mashoma nhoroondo emamemba ekushanyirwa: 1) Chirangaridzo chechiFrench chakavakirwa pa Chi Hoa [Chí Hoà], mukuyeuka kwehondo yezita iro. 2) Guva re-sub-lieutenant Lareniere weFrance muchiuto, chakaiswa padyo ne Tayninh [Tay Ninh] mugwagwa. 3) Guva raBishopi weAdran, rakagadzwa namambo Gia Murefu [Gia Murefu], seuchapupu hwekutenda kwakanyanya kuna Monseigneur Pigneau de Bahaine. 4) Iyo pagoda neguva ra Le Van Duyet [Lê Văn Duyệt], inonzi Great Eunuch, mambo wamambo Marshal uye aimbova Annamite gavhuna weCochin-China (rakatarisana netaundi-imba yeGiadinh [Gia Định]. 5) Guva re Le Van Phong [Le Van Phong], mukoma we Le Van Duyet [Lê Văn Duyệt] (mumusha waTan Son Nhut [Tân Sơn Nhứt]). 6) Guva re Vo Tanh [Võ Tánh], zvakare Marshal ye Gia Murefu [Gia Murefu] (mumusha waPhu Nhuan [Phú Nhuận]). 7) Guva ra Vo Di Nguy [Võ Di Nguy], shamwari mumaoko Gia Murefu [Gia Murefu] (mumusha waPhu Nhuan [Phú Nhuận]).

VI. History

    Giadinh [Gia Định] izita rakapihwa nevaAniteti vekutanga kune iyo nzvimbo yenyika kuburikidza nerwizi Saigon [Saigon] inoyerera. Gare gare, mambo Gia Murefu [Gia Murefu] yakapa zita iro kuvakuru venzvimbo iri pakati penzizi dzeSaigon neMekong, uye paiyo Saigon rakanga riri guta guru. Anomutsiva, Minh Mang [Minh Mạng], apo kuronga Lower Cochin-China, yakapa zita rimwechete kudunhu iro rinosanganisira mukati maro rinoita matunhu aripo Tayninh [Tay Ninh], Cho Lon [Chợ Lớn], Gocong [Gò Công], uye chikamu cheruwa rwe Tanan [Tan An]. Iyi purovhinzi yakachengeta zita rayo mukati memakore ekutanga ekugarwa kweFrance, asi kubvira 1871, yaive pasi peshanduko dzakasiyana siyana. Yakaderedzwa kusvika pakukura kwayo, dunhu rakatumidzwa zita rezita reguta guru: Superintendance of Saigon [Saigon], neruwa rwe Saigon [Saigon]. Muna 1874 dzimba dzematunhu dzakaendeswa kune Binh Hoa Xa [Bình Hoà Xá], musha uri nechekunze, pamahombekombe erwizi erwizi 'Avalanche ”uye uchiripo panguva ino guta guru repurovhinzi. Pakupedzisira, kubvira 1889, kududzirwa kwedunhu kwakashandurwa kuve kweruwa. Pasina kubata pane chero nhoroondo yakapfuura pakugara kwekoloni nevaFrance, zvinogona kutaurwa kuti nhoroondo yedunhu Giadinh [Gia Định] yakabatana chaizvo nenhoroondo yeCochin-China. Mamiriro ezvinhu aya anotsanangurwa nemamiriro azvo ejografiki parukova rweRwizi Saigon [Saigon].

BANISA TU THƯ
12 / 2019

CHERECHEDZA:
1: Marcel Georges Bernanoise (1884-1952) - Painter, akaberekerwa muValenciennes - dunhu rekuchamhembe kweFrance. Pfupiso yehupenyu nebasa:
+ 1905-1920: Kushanda muIndochina uye mutariri webasa kunaGavhuna weIndochina;
+ 1910: Mudzidzisi kuFar East Chikoro cheFrance;
+ 1913: Kudzidzira hunyanzvi hwendudzi uye kuburitsa huwandu hwezvinyorwa zveunyanzvi;
+ 1920: Akadzokera kuFrance akaronga kuratidzira kwehunyanzvi muNancy (1928), Paris (1929) - mifananidzo yepanyika nezveLorraine, Pyrenees, Paris, Midi, Villefranche-sur-mer, Saint-Tropez, Ytalia, pamwe nezvimwe zviyeuchidzo. kubva kuFar East;
+ 1922: Kuburitsa mabhuku pamusoro peKushongedza Kwehunyanzvi muTonkin, Indochina;
+ 1925: Won mubairo mukuru paColonial Exhibition muMarseille, uye akabatana nemugadziri wePavillon de l'Indochine kugadzira seti yezvinhu zvemukati;
+ 1952: Anofa aine makore makumi masere nemasere uye anosiya huwandu hukuru hwepende nemifananidzo;
+ 2017: Musangano wake wokupenda wakatanga kubudiswa nevazukuru vake.

References:
"Bhuku"LA COCHINCHINE”- Marcel Bernanoise - Hong Duc [Hong Duc] Vaparidzi, Hanoi, 2018.
◊  wikipedia.org
◊ Akashinga uye akatsanangura mazwi eVietnamese akaiswa mukati memakotesheni mavara - akaiswa naBan Tu Thu.

ONA ZVAKAWANDA:
◊  CHOLON - La Cochinchine - Chikamu 1
◊  CHOLON - La Cochinchine - Chikamu 2
◊  SAIGON - La Cochinchine
◊  BIEN HOA - La Cochinchine
◊  THU DAU MOT - La Cochinchine
◊  COCHINCHINA