DZIDZO YEMUNYAYA yeVanhu - Chikamu 4: Kukundikana kuremekedza zvinyorwa zvepakutanga

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Batanidza Profesa, Chiremba weNhoroondo NGUYEN MANH HUNG
Nick zita: bhiza rakatakura mumusha weyunivhesiti
Peni zita: ngoko

4.1 Sumo dzakapfuura

4.1.1 Fkurapa kuremekedza zvinyorwa zvepakutanga

     a. Pamapeji ekutanga ari kubata nemavambo ebasa iri, takatarisana nenzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana nevanhu vakapinda mukati tikaburitsa zvinyorwa zvakataurwa pamusoro apa nenzira dzakawanda dzakasiyana. Seyese, tinogona kupfupisa zvinotevera:

     Zvimwe Pierre Huard aive wekutanga uye wepakutanga munhu akapa ruzivo rwese pamusoro pehupenyu nebasa revanyori paBulletin de l'École Française d'Extrême-Orient (Bulletin yeChiri Kure-Eastern French Chikoro) sezvatakaziva (1). Gare gare, paakashandira pamwe naMaurice Durand kunyora bhuku rine musoro “Ruzivo rweVietnam” (2) Pierre Huard akambotaura mune yake yemubhaibheri chikamu chebasa raHenri Oger rakanzi: "Nhanganyaya Kuzivisa Kwekudzidza kweTekiniki yeVanhu veAnnamese" (3).

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(1) Pierre Huard - Iye piyona mu Vietnamese tekinoroji. T. LWII BEFEO 1970, mapeji 215-217.

(2) Pierre Huard naMaurice Durand - Ruzivo rweVietnam - olecole Française d'Extrême-Orient, Hanoi, 1954.

 (3) Henri Oger - General Sumo kuChidzidzo cheTekiniki yevaAnnamese vanhu; rondedzero pamusoro pehupenyu hwehupenyu, hunyanzvi nemaindasitiri evanhu veAnnam, Paris, Geuthner, 1908

     Nekudaro, P. Hiard anga asati ashandisa sketches dzaH Oger kuratidza yake basa (takataura zvakajeka nyaya iyi muchitsauko chedu chakapfuura).

     b. Kana tichienzanisa mateki akaunzwa pamwe neaya ari mumanyoro ekutanga, tinogona kuona kuti ivo vekutanga vange vachivanza chakavanzika chikamu chemitauro, chakafungidzirwa nevazhinji vaongorori seicho chaicho "Marongerwo echipiri" yeumwe neumwe wemifananidzo. Ndisati ndatsvaga mune izvi "Chimiro chechipiri" ngatitorei titarise nzira idzo basa iri rakaunzwa mumazuva apfuura.

     1. Kune matepi anoti, chimwe chikamu chedhirowa chakasiyiwa, senge nyaya yechinyorwa chakanyorwa "Mutengesi wemombe" (fig) yakafumurwa paCultural House kuBourges (Paris) kubva munaJune 10, 78 kusvika Chikunguru 5, 1978, tichaona kuti yekutanga ine mubvuri wemabhuru (ona nhamba 132), izvo zvinofanirwa kutaurwa.

Fig.95: CATTLE DEALERS (mushure maPhạm Ngọc Tuấn, kuratidzwa muParis, 1978)

     Iyo zivo yeEctedic inova muInstitute for the Compilation yeEntedic Dictionary, painotanga "chipfeko chemhemberero ” akagura bhiza rehuni (fig). Kunyangwe iyo yekutanga sketch isingatauri chirevo muChinese neChinese chakanyorwa chiVietnamese, H.Oger yakadudzira muchiFrench: "Chifananidzo chebhiza rinodhonzwa muchimiro cheudenhi" (muonde. 97).

Muonde 96: KUCHENGETA KUSVIRA (bhiza remuti rakasiyiwa)

Fig.97: KUSVANYA HORSE YAKANAKA MUZVINHU ZVINOGONESA

     2. Kune zvakare matepi ayo iwo mudhirowa, panzvimbo pekuve wakagurwa, wakavezwa nependi neumwe mufananidzo wakaita senge uyo weanorondedzera zvakananga "varwi vehondo"(fig) naNguyễn Thụ kuenzanisira iro basa rakanzi Vietnamese Yakakurumbira Nhetembo uye Nziyo - yenyika tsika tsika (bhuku 4, pakati pemapeji 346 ne 347).

Fig.98: MUTESI WEMUNYAYA (naNguyễn Thụ)

     Machira ekutanga ndiwo anoratidza "harquebusier ”(muonde. 99) uye “musoja"(fig).

Fig.99: HAQUEBUSIER(kudhirowa nemhizha)

Fig.100: MURWI(kudhirowa nemhizha)

     Zvinoenderana nemirairo vemauto pasi peumambo hweNguyen, mauto akaiswa muzvikamu zviviri: "lÃnh cÆ¡"(mandarinal murindi) uye “lÃnh vệ"(murindi). Varindi vacho vakasarudzwa kubva kuNghệ An kuenda kuBình Thuận uye vakamira muHuế. Munguva yemhirizhonga pakati pevaFrench nesu, dare reHu had rakatumira kuNorth 8000 magadhigadhi, akaiswa pasi pekuraira kweKinh Lược (mukuru anotarisira pacification).

     Kana vari mandarinal varindi, vakadudzirwa kuNorth uye vaitarisira kuchengetedza matunhu kuNorth. Pasi pekuvhiringidzika kweFrance, varindi vemamarondera vakatsiviwa ne "khá»' xanh"(mauto ari pasi pekutonga kweFrance akapfeka bhuruu muchiuno), uye chikamu chidiki diki kwazvo chasara chavo chakaiswa pasi pekuraira kwemagavhuna ematunhu.

     3. Vamwe pakati pavo havana kuve rakapakwa kana kudimburwa, asi vanga vane chimiro chinoshandurwa. Pa "monochord ”(pakati pemapeji 128 ne129), inoratidzwa mune sketch ine musoro "Konsati" (muonde. 101) naNguyễn Thụ, tambo yakadzikiswa ichiri mumufananidzo wepakutanga, muimbi aive akaidhonza zvakasiyana (ona muonde. 156).

Muonde 101: Chitubu (orchestra rechinyakare, rakanyorwa naNguyễn Thụ)

     Mapofu mapofu pamisika yaishandiswa kutamba monochord kuti vawane kurarama. Iyi ndiyo mhando yeVietnamese yemimhanzi chiridzwa chine tambo imwe chete, uye ndicho chikonzero nei ichinzi monochord. Iyo monochord inowanzo kuridzwa solo, sezvo ichinetsa kuibatanidza nedzimwe mhando dzezviridzwa zvemimhanzi senge "Đàn cò" (tambo mbiri violin ine ruzha-bhokisi rakaumbwa kunge pombi mbiya), kana "Đàn kìm" (gitare refu rakabatirirwa netambo ina kana shanu. Pa Sketch, isu pakarepo teerera tambo, yakasungirirwa kumucheto kweiyo lever, iyo yakasiyana neye monochord yatiri kuona nhasi.Pana mutsara kubva kurudzi rwevanhu - rwiyo runoverenga: (kunge uri musikana, mumwe haafanire kuteerera monochord ) seinonzi monochord inoonekwa sechinhu chinonyadzisa chomumhanzi, kunyanya kana ichiridzwa muusiku hwakadzikama.

     Ngatitarisei iyo yekutanga sketch ine hunyanzvi hweHOOger: "Bofu remapofu richiridza mimhanzi" (fig). Iyo zivo yeEptedic inozviti: "Konsati".

Muonde 102: RUDZIDZO rweBLIND VENZVIMBO (yekutanga kopi)

     4. Asi, kune zvakare mateki ayo muimbi Nguyễn Thụ asina kungo peta mamwe manhamba asi zvakare akakwevera mamwe manhamba senge uyo anonzi:

 "Kubhururuka pepa piti" uye iyo yakanyorwa "Kutamba imbwa-paw chess" (muonde. 103).

Fig.103: KUSVIRA PAPERERU KAPA UYE KUDZVARA MBEU DZESI (naNguyễn Thụ)

     Kana tichienzaniswa neyekutanga sketch, isu tichaona kuti mufananidzo wembwa wakakwezvwa nekuwedzera pane iyo Nguyễn Thụ sketch. Iyo yekutanga inotakura 4 Chinese yakanyorwa Vietnamese mavara: "Đánh cờ chân chó" (Kutamba imbwa-paw chess) (fig).

Fig.104: KUDENGA DOG-PAW CHES

     Chimwe chinyorwa chepakutanga chine zita rinoti: "Toad-kite"(fig) nerondedzero inotevera muchiChinese:

"Sezvo mhepo nyowani yeSouth inowanzovhuvhuvhusa mumazuva anopisa ezhizha, vana vaigadzira ichi toy, inonzi toad-kite uye mirira mhepo kuti ibhururuke.".

Muonde. 105: A TOAD-KITE (ine chinyoreso muchiChinese: Sezvo mhepo nyowani yekuSouth inowanzovhuvhuvhusa mumazuva anopisa ezhizha, vana vaiwanzogadzira ichi toy, inonzi toad-kite, uye mirira kuti mhepo ibhururuke.)

4.1.2 Ezvikanganiso zvinokanganisa zvinorehwa

Maitiro ataurwa pamusoro pekushandisa basa zvakatungamira zvikanganiso zvinokanganisa revo chaiyo seinotevera:

     a. Inonyanya kukoshesa kutarisirwa ndeye sketch iyo muimbi Nguyễn Thụ akagura mamwe madhezheni uye akaritumidza zvekare maererano nemaonero ake. Akaitumidza zita “Vatengesi venguruve” uye, zvinoratidzwa pano (pakati pemapeji 80 ne81), inotipa fungidziro yechinoitika cha “Musika pakuvhara kwayo” kunoitirwa vatengesi panguva iyoyo (?)fig).  Asi, chaizvo izvo zvekutanga sketch's annotation iri "Maharafi uchitsvaga basa" (fig). Zvimwe chikanganiso ichi chaitwa nekuti mireza vanhu ava vakabata zvakatarisana “nguruve inobata mweya” takaona mukati muonde. 41.

Muonde 106: Nguruve VAKURU (naNguyễn Thụ)

Fig.107: COOLies KUTARIRA JOBHO (Dhirowa nemhizha)

     b. Saizvozvo, iro bhuku reEptedic Ruzivo rakatumidza zita rimwe sketch: "Thread reeling-muchina" (fig), apo iyo yekutanga sketch yakavezwa:

     "Kurongedza parasol". Rimwe dhizaini rakatumidzwa neIntedic Ruzivo se "Rickshawman jasi", apo iyo yekutanga sketch yakaverengerwa nevashanu veChinese vakanyorwa Vietnamese mavara akaverenga: "Rickshawman achishandura mabhurugwa" (fig). Kune zvakare chimwe chigadzirwa chinogona kubvumirana nekukurumidza nemusoro-wekupa uyo akazvipa zita se: "Simba rejaya" (fig). Asi, muimbi haana kufunga kudaro uye pane yekutanga sketch akanyora vatatu Chinese rakanyorwa Vietnamese mavara: "Munhu ari kufamba achiuya nejasi rake", nepo Oger akange arondedzera muchiFrench: "Maitiro evashandi".  Tinogona kutaura imwe nhamba kana zvimwe zvakafanana…