Viet-Nam, Budiriro neTsika - MATINSMITHS, COINS CASTERS, GOLDSMITHS uye SILVERSMITHS, TINMEN, BRONZE-FOUNDERS, LOCKSMITHS

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NaPIERRE HUARD¹
(Kudza Nhengo yeÉcole Française d'Extrême-Orient)
uye MAURICE DURAND²
(Nhengo yeÉcole Française d'Extrême-Orient³)
Yakagadziridzwa 3rd edition 1998, Iprimerie Nationale Paris,

      They akashanda pane tinplate, zinc uye tin. Vasati vasvika veOccidentals, indasitiri yavo yaingogumira mukugadzira makoni madiki anokwira ngowani, makapu emafuta anoshanda semarambi, mabhokisi ane opium nemimwe midziyo mishoma. Mushure mezvo, zvakatora kukura kukuru. Paanenge achishanda mugadziri werata anoramba akagara kana kugwatirika, achiita nesimba kushandisa maoko netsoka izvo zvigunwe zvikuru zviviri, kana chigunwe chikuru chechigunwe chechigunwe chechigunwe chechipiri, zvinoumba chipenyu chinorarama, chakapfava uye chakasimba. Izvi zvinobvumidza kuunza zvinhu zvakashanda pasi pechiitiko chinodiwa chemidziyo (faira, sando, rivet-mutyairi) inobatwa nemaoko anoramba akasununguka. Pakupedzisira, mubasa rokucheka, bazi rezvigero risingazungunuke rinogadziriswa nechigunwe chikuru, uku rimwe remaoko maviri rinofambisa bazi rinofambisa uye [Peji 190] rumwe ruoko runotungamirira simbi inofanira kutemwa. Izwi rokuti "quặp” inotaura pfungwa yekutora chinhu pakati pechipiri nechigunwe chikuru. [Peji 191]

COINS CASTERS

[Peji 191]  TMari yekutanga nemazariro egoridhe akange akakandwa muHanoi naLưu Xuân Tín, zvinoenderana nehunyanzvi hwechiChinese (Tín aigara pasi peLê Thánh Tôn kureva 1461).
      Tmari yemazuva ano yakaumbwa nekunyungudutswa (asi isina kuumbwa) yaive neroam yakawanda yakasanganiswa nezine.
        Tiye anogadzira cheni ndeaya anotevera (onawo kugadzirwa kwemari (sapèques) muRevue Indochinoise, 1900).

1. Kuumba jecha;
2. Zinc fusion;
3. Kuumbwa kwesimbi yakanyungudutswa mufovhoro;
4. Kuronga kwemari inogona kushandiswa.

VEGOGODHI uye SILVERSMITHS

     Tivo vatsigiri vevapfuri vegoridhe ihama nhatu Trần Hòa, Trần Điện naTrần Điền vakadzidza unyanzvi hwavo kuChina kusvika kuzana remakore rechitanhatu.

    A chipfuva chidiki chine madhirowa, chine zvinhu zvakakosha uye zvinhu zvavari kushanda pazviri, uye zvinopedzwa nemhepo yakachinjika ine piston (cái bễ) inokwana vapfuri vegoridhe nevapfuri vesirivha. Pombi yemubvuva inobuda muchipfuva inotambirwa mugomba rakacherwa pasi. Zvidhinha zviviri nezvimedu zvishoma zvemarasha zvinoumba choto. Simbi yakashongedzerwa simbi yemapuranga (búa và), panotemerwa poindi, mapuranga mashoma uye kachipfumvutira zvinopedzisa chiridzwa ichi chehunyanzvi. Kunze kwezvindori zvishoma (jewelled mhete kana cheni links), pakanga pasina kugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvihombe. Zvishongo zvese zvinogadzirwa nesirivha kana goridhe mapepa, akawanda kana kushoma gobvu, akashanda mu repoussé, akaumbwa kana kudhindwa zvakanyanya nyore kana iri mubvunzo wesimbi dzakachena pasina alloy. Zvishongo zvegoridhe zvakanyikwa zvinonyudzwa mumushonga wakabikwa uye wakaiswa mukati, ingave yemaruva esophora (hoè) kana tai chua pericarp (Garcinia pedunculata) Ipapo, mumwe anoasuka mubhavhu rinopisa zvikuru resarufa. [Peji 191]

TINMEN

      Tmugari wenhaka ndiPhạm Ngọc Thành uyo akaunza hunyanzvi hwechiChinese kuNorth Vietnam kuna 1518.
      [Peji 192] Tmapoto ekubikira mupunga akagadzirwa nemhangura yakanyungudutswa, ane hunyanzvi macurves akaiswa mukutsinhana, anoratidza hunyanzvi hwakakwana, hunoyemurwa nevanoziva.

VABHURI-VAKADZIDZA

     Tmutsigiri wenhaka ndiye bonze Khổng Lộ akadzidza kunyunguduka kwemhangura muChina uye akaparadzira maitiro ayo muNorth Vietnam akananga ku1226. Kufurira kune dzimwe nyika kunofanira kuonekwa sezvakaita Jean de la Croix, hybreed yechiputukezi, cannon-muvambi muHuế (zana remakore rechi18). Kunyungudika kwarasika kwagara kuri murukudzo. Mufananidzo weTrần Vũ (pagoda inodaidzwa chaizvo iyo yeGreat Buddha muHanoi) uye maDynastical urns muHuế anoratidza hunyanzvi hwevevietnamese bronze-founders (onawo Chochod, Nzira dzekuvamba dzakashandiswa muna Annam, muBEFEO, IX, 155).

ZVIKHIYA

      Sinoid tsika inoziva roller padlock uye spring-stud, inowanzo shandiswa kukiya zvidimbu zvakakura zvefenicha. Muchinyakare chetsika dzeVietnamese, chivharo hachizivikanwe uye masuwo edzimba akakiyiwa nekusungirirwa, achishandisa matanda ematanda.

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ZVINYORWA :
◊ Kunobva: Connaisance du Viet Nam, PIERRE HUARD & MAURICE DURAND, Revised 3rd Edition 1998, Iprimerie Nationale Paris, École Française D'Extrême-Orient, Hanoi - Yakashandurwa na VU THIEN KIM - NGUYEN PHAN ST Minh Nhat's Archives.
◊ Musoro wemusoro, unoratidzwa sepia mufananidzo uye zvese zvinotemerwa zvakaiswa Ban Tu Thu - gvanevachar.com

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