KUCHENGETA KWEMAHARA mashanu
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HUNG NGUYEN MANH 1
Zvese zvakasikwa uye zveMunhu kubata Present
Isu takafungidzira kune certainextent izvo zvakaiswa paatari yemadzitateguru. Nekudaro, izvo zvinyorwa zveatari zvaizivikanwa nesu zvaingogadzirwa nesimbi, ndarira kana huni nevarume vane hunyanzvi. Muchokwadi, isu tinokwanisa kuziva mune izvo zvakaratidzwa zvinhu zvakarongedzwa nemaoko emunhu kuwanikwa kweNzvimbo. HENRI OGER akatipa mateki matatu zvishanu zvematehwe emichero apo isu tichava nekutarisa gare gare mune iri bhuku. Chii chairehwa netiyo michero yemichero mishanu pamutambo wakakura sezvazviri nhasi?
Kana ari Vanhu veVietnamese, kubva panguva yekufungidzira, maruva uye michero aive akakosha pakati pezvikamu zveatari zvakatsaurirwa kuGenies, Buddha uye Ancestors. Zvaiwanzoonekwa kuti pakati peatari pakamira ndiro yejosstick kuseri kwaive neiyi tirare yemichero kana "tsime”ChimiroFig.1) pane maruva nemikombe yemvura yakaratidzwa. “Tam sơn"(Makomo matatu) imhando yemapuranga ekunamata chinhu chine 3 mazuva ine hwaro hwakafanana, asi iyo iri pakati yakakwirira kupfuura iyo ina pamativi ayo maviri iyo ihuremo hwakafanana, saka yakaumbwa segomo, nokudaro zita rayo "Tam sơn"(Makomo matatu).
Uyezve kubva panguva yekufungidzira, iyo matare mashanu emichero yapfuura pamusoro porusvingo rwemagodo nematembere kuti isvike kumhuri dzeVietnam setsika yakanaka yechinyakare.
The matare mashanu emichero yave inozivikanwa motif inoratidza izvo zvinoshanda zvirimo, uye panguva imwechete, ichitakura iyo kunaka kwekunaka kukosha. Iyo shanu yemuchero weti ndeye chinhu chisiri kungoshongedza nzvimbo yekunamatira asi zvakare inogadzira mamiriro anotonhorera ezororo reTết.
Mukudzivirira kwe Kupemberera Mwaka Idzva Mutambo, murimi akatarisira gadheni rake uye, pakati pemiti yake yemabhanana, akasarudza boka remabhanana akaenzana saizi ine ganda rakasviba rakasvibirira ganda uye akura zvakakwana asi asati aibva. Kunze kwebhanana, zvimwe michero senge mazambiringa-muchero, chigunwe cheminwe, persimmon, orenji, kumquat… zvaive zvichiibva. Zvakare kuverenga pane yega yega munda webindu, murimi akanhonga maruva eanyoni, sumbu reAllaia, mamwe maruva kana chrysanthemums… uye ese akaiswa pane yakatsvuka uye yendarama yakapendwa tereyi yematanda. A tray yemichero kazhinji yaiumbwa nezvikamu zviviri: chikamu chepamusoro yaive tangi yekutenderera yekuchengeta michero uye chikamu chepazasi, chimiro chine kukwirira kwakakodzera. Bhonzo reStout bhanana rakaputirwa patray seyakanaka chigaro chegoridhe-michero. Zvakare, iyo mazambiringa-michero inogona kutsiviwa nechero yemunwe ichiputirwa kumucheto wayo kana mashizha matema. Iyo munwe macron yakanga isingaite uye ganda rayo risina kupfava asi rakanyatsoenderana neruvara rwebhanana, yero yemaranjisi, uye goridhe rakajeka remadiki madiki akarongedzwa neimwe nzira pakati pebhanana. Iyi mavara uye mifananidzo inowedzera yakawedzera runako kune mashanu-michero tray iri mushopkitit chimiro, zvichidudzira chisikwa chehunyanzvi neimwe nzira senge womuridzi ari kunyatso shandisa brashi yake yependi uye mavara2.
Pakutanga kwezana ramakore hatigone kungotarisa "tray yemichero mishanu"Sekuratidzwa kwazviri padyo asi zvakare mukana wekuyemura hunyanzvi hwemumwe murume akagadzira basa remaoko aigadzira"matare mashanu emichero"Kubva pamidzi bamboo.
Iyo Mishanu Yezvibereko Tray uye Kusvibisa uye Utsi paTẾT
Kubva panguva yekufungidzira uye zvinoenderana Uzivi hwokumabvazuva, nyika inoumbwa neMaitiro mashanu”, Zvinoti simbi, danda, mvura, moto uye pasi. Zvinoenderana neyakaenzana rezvinhu zvishanu ndiko kungwara kuri kudzora senge "Iyoenieni yepasi, iyo Moto Genius, iyo Mvura Genius … ”Ndosaka muhupenyu hwavo hwemweya, vanhu vekuMabvazuva mumazuva apfuura vaigarotarisira kuti hunyanzvi hwakadai hunochengetedza vanhu nekuvatendera kuti vararame nerombo rakanaka uye neropafadzo. Pfungwa iyoyo yakanga yapinda zvakadzama muhupenyu hwemweya netsika dzevanhu vekuMabvazuva, kunyanya maChina neVietnamese. Kubva panguva iyoyo zvichienda mberi, gore rega rega kuTết, panogara paatari tereyi ye Zvishanu Zvibereko, inomiririra simba, ruremekedzo, uye chishuvo kutendeukira kukunaka mumhuri imwe neimwe.
Zvichienderana nekusimudzira, nhoroondo nemagariro, pamwe nehunhu hwemudunhu rega rega, vanhu vanoronga tsoro yemichero mishanu nenzira dzakasiyana, asi pfungwa yayo huru inoramba isina kuchinjika uye inozikanwa nemhando dzinotevera dzemichero nemavara:
The ruvara rwegirini - inomiririra masimba akasimba echisikigo, huswa uye miti, uye yakashongedzwa nemabhanana akasvibira anotaridzika kunge zvigunwe kuruoko rwakavhurika rwunoputira mukati maro nyika yakakura uye yakabudirira, uye ichi ndicho chifananidzo chinonyanya kubvisa tereti yemichero mishanu.
The ruvara rweyero - inomiririra goho rakanaka rino chengetedza vanhu kubva kuchitonhora uye nzara, uye kubva kune yakakura pomelo kana papaya, yakaiswa pakati peti tray, zvichireva pfungwa yekuve iri yakakosha uye yakakosha chikamu chehupenyu hwemunhu.
The dzvuku - inomiririra simba, chishuwo chekuti uwane kukunda uye kwekuwana rombo rakanaka. Vanhu vanowanzosarudza iyo tsvuku-yakaibva persimmon kana mandarin uye vanoisa pakati pegreen green ye banana kana yero yerufu pomelo.
Mazuva ano, kukudziridza simba rakawanda uye rombo rakanaka, vanhu vanogona kuwedzera mashoma matomatisi kana pimentos kuwedzera kukwezva kwetiraki yemichero mishanu.
The greyish brown color - inomiririra kusimba uye kusagadzikana kwepasire pasi. Vanhu vaimbo sarudza sinamese sinamoni kana kuti yakaoma yeorenji iyo miviri ine greyish uye yero. Kunze kwezvo, kuwedzera kunaka kwekunaka uye nekudyara kwe tray yemichero mishanu paTết, vanhu vanogona kusarudza imwe ruvara rwehanyanisi ruvara rweapuro, rima rakasviba ruvara rwemazambiringa, uye nerosy ruvara rwe "thanh ende"(dragon dragon) michero kana michero yeoleaster. The tray yemichero mishanu mu Mawodzanyemba idiki uye yakashambidzika uye kazhinji inoumbwa nemabhanana akasvibira, pomelos, machungwa, mandarin, siamese Persimmons, uye michero yezai. Kana ari iwo tray yemichero mishanu mu Chamhembe, inowanzove yakakura kwazvo uye inoumbwa nemaviri-mavise, mango, ma durian, maustard-maapuro, michero yeshato yebhuruu, nyeredzi-maapuro… Kushandisa tireyi yemichero mishanu senge rudzi rwekupihwa itsika yakanaka yevanhu vedu on Mazuva ano, sezvo ichipa aritari mumhuri yega yega ine mamiriro ekunze uye akanyanya kunaka mamiriro.3
Maodzanyemba ane Pair yeMvura Melons
In kumaodzanyemba kweVietnam, iyo tray yemichero yakatosiyana neiyo yekuNorth. chihenge yakatemwa ikafananidzirwa ne phoenix ine bumbiro raigadzirwa nered chilly uye nemapapiro nema curly bhanana. Kunyanya, iyo matare mashanu emichero yevekumaodzanyemba kazhinji vaisanganisira mavise emvura angangoita saizi yetikiti yakanamirwa nebhandi dzvuku repepa rine zvimwe zvakanyorwa mumavara echiChinese…
Nhasi, mumwedzi unobatana Ttt, misika mu Saigon anofefeterwa nemakomo e mvura melons, vanogara mumatende nezvitoro zvakamiswa kwenguva pfupi kunze kwavo… Iyo Southern mvura melons vane hunhu chaihwo zvinoenderana neese ega ematunhu avanobva. Munzvimbo yekuSouth Eastern, vise remvura rine ganda rakatetepa rekunze, nepo iro remukati rakatsvuka uye riine girizi, richipenya seshuga yakanatswa. Kumucheto kwekumaodzanyemba kweCentral Vietnam, vise remvura rine vermillion kunge pulp…
Pagedhi reCentral Vietnamat chinhambwe chingangoita makumi matatu emakiromita kubva Pane Hoa kunge jongwe rinobhururuka, iripo mhando ye Nga Sơn mvura melon izvo zvakaverengerwa se An Tiêmiwo mhando inowanzo gumburwa munhetembo dzeVietnamese. Kuve nhapwa inogara pachitsuwa chisisina, An Tiêm uye mukadzi wake akange abudirira kudyara mhando ye mvura-melon kuunza iyo kumaruwa kuti idzorere Huøng Vöông mutsa wedzinza. MuNorth Vietnam, iyo mvura-melon4 inokura "nokusazvidza" - kureva kuti haigone kuratidzwa pa Tết michero tray sezvo inokura muzhizha. Naizvozvo, pa Ttt, vanhu vekuchamhembe vanofanirwa kumirira "kunhuwirira" kweSouth kuti vakwanise kutamba nechirudzi ichi chemichero yakatendeka neyakavimbika iyo ine "tsvuku tsvuku uye peel yebhuruu". Nekudaro, mune makumi masere emakore vanhu pane dzimwe nzvimbo vakakwanisa kugadzira rudzi rwemvura yechando melon kuti ifarirwe ipapo Ttt. Chibereko nokudaro chakawanikwawo chine ruvara rwebhuruu dema uye nyowani tsvuku, asi ichiri kutadza kuwana hukuru hwerudzi rweZasi (Fig.2) ...
CHERECHEDZA:
1 Batanidza Muzvinafundo HUNG NGUYEN MANH, Chiremba wePhylosophy muNhoroondo.
2 Zvinoenderana neĐẶNG ĐỨC - (Iyo mishanu yemichero tray kuTTt) - Hanoi, Folklore magazini Nha. 2, Kukadzi 1986, mapeji 51-52.)
3 Maererano neHÀ THẮM - "Iyo tray yemichero mishanu uye zvinonhuwira uye utsi paTết"-"Vietnamese Kambani Yekutengesa uye Yekushambadzira”- Peji makumi matatu - Kupurinda Imba yeBazi reSiko neRuzivo.
4 Zvinoenderana naMaI KHÔI - Homeland flavour - Mvura-vise kuTết - mapeji 181 kusvika 184 - Arts Publishing House 1996.
BAN TU THU
01 / 2020
CHERECHEDZA:
◊ Kunobva: Vietnamese Inotangira Nyanya Nyowani - Major festival - Asso. Prof. HUNG NGUYEN MANH, Chiremba we phylosophy mu Nhoroondo.
Old Zvinyorwa zveBold uye sepia mifananidzo yakaiswa naBan Tu Thu - gvanevachar.com
ONA DZIMWE:
◊ Kubva ku Sketches mukutanga kwezana ramakore re20 kune tsika dzechinyakare uye mutambo.
◊ Chiratidzo cheizwi rekuti "Tết"
◊ Kupemberera Mwaka Idzva Mutambo
◊ Kunetsekana kweVANODZIDZA VANHU - Kunetsekana kweKITCHEN uye KAKATI
◊ Kunetsekana kweVADZIDZISI VANHU - Kunetsekana nekuSIMA - Chikamu 1
◊ Kunetsekana kweVADZIDZISI VANHU - Kunetsekana nekuSIMA - Chikamu 2
◊ Kunetseka kweVANOPA VANHU - Kunetsekana kwekubhadharwa kweDep
◊ Mune MUMWE CHIKAMU CHEMAUYA: HOST yePARALLEL KUSANGANO
◊ Iyo tray yezvibereko zvishanu
◊ Kusvika kweGore Nyowani
◊ Vietnam Nyowani Nyowani Gore - vi-VersiGoo
◊ nezvimwewo.