KUKANGANWA KWEGORE ITSVA

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HUNG NGUYEN MANH ¹

Kugadzirisazve fenicha uye kuchenesa-imba yeimba

    Following HENRI OGER nemurwadzi wake, ikozvino tinogona kuona mukadzi mukuru achitsvaira chivanze chemba yake.

    Kutaura chokwadi chaive chinhu chakajairika asi mumeso a Henri Oger zvaive zvakanangana nekutevedzana nezvimwe zvinhu munharaunda. Chese chinhu chinogona kuve nekushandiswa kwayo kubva kugwenzi kuenda kutsvairo. Asi mumazuva ano ekupedzisira egore iro basa raive rakatonyanya kukosha sezvo raichenesa nekurongedza imba kuti iite yakanakisa kupfuura yenguva dzose mukufungidzira Kupemberera Mwaka Idzva Mutambo.

   Imwe neimwe imba yedzimba yaive nematanho ayo ekuchenesa-kugadzirisa uye kugadzirisa. Kune imba yezvidhinha, muridzi wacho aizo patsiridza madziro.   

      Uye heino mufananidzo wemuridzi wemba akabata tsotso mbiri dzainge dzakabatwa muroyi uye ndokufamba akananga imba, achidzidzimira kubva padenga kusvika pasi kuitira kudzingira madhimoni akavanzika nemagonyeti. (Mufananidzo 1)

     Uye hechino chimwe chirahwe chinoratidza murume asina kudzoka achitsikisa imba yake uye “Kusuka zvimwari zvake” (Fig. 2)

KUPEDZESA ALTAR

    Kazhinji, zuva remakumi maviri neshanu remwedzi wechigumi nemaviri rinoitirwa kunamatwa. Nezuva iro  Vietnamese kazhinji mwenje joss tsvimbo uye firecrackers. Kupa zvinhu zvakagadzirwa nemapepa zvakaita sematai, goridhe nesirivha, maheti nengowani dzakateedzana, hove, makava… zvaipiswa apo zvimwe zvinhu paatari yemadzitateguru zvaigezwa, zvichicheneswa uye zvichitotsiviwa kana zvange zvasakara. Henri Oger akatisiyira chiverengero chakati chematehwe ezvinyorwa zvakajairika pamusoro peatari. Ngativei nekutarisa maputi ejoss tsvimbo akagadzirwa nematombo (Fig.3), uye zvebronze (Fig.3).

    Mota mbiri dzejosstick dzaifanira kupurindwa nokungwarira. Polishers yaizove yakaoma nguva kana vakashanda pane urn yakagadzirwa muchimiro chemuchero weapricot (Fig.4) kana dexterously-yakatemwa bronze urns (Fig.4).

    Kana urongwa hwakagadzirwa nematombo, hapana kuedza kwakawanda kwaizodikanwa nevapfuuri. Sezvo urn yaigara munzvimbo yakatarwa kwazvo paatari kugadzirwa kwayo kwaidawo hunyanzvi uye hunyanzvi maitiro pamwe nemidziyo yakanaka kwazvo. Tinogona kuona izvi zvakakosha zvinhu mu (Fig.4) (unopisa zvinonhuwirakana (Fig.5) (urn yechitenderera).

    Kutsanangura kukosha kweuurani hunodhura uhu kusanganisira nemufananidzo wechina, tinofanirwa kuverenga zvakanyorwa nemavara echiChinese nevagadziri vezvigadzirwa kuti: “Urin iyi yakagadzirwa nendarira uye mhuri dzakapfuma chete ndivo vanokwanisa kuwana. Urani zvakare chinyorwa chinoshandiswa pakunamata zvine chinangwa. ”

    In kumaodzanyemba kweVietnam, nguva dzose kwaigara kune dhiza yemichero paatari yemadzitateguru kuwedzera kune seti yemhando dzendarira uye zvigadziko zvemwenje. Zvimwe zvinhu zvinotenderera zvaive nyore kuchenesa nekupukuta kunyangwe pamusoro pavo pakamira nyati ine muromo wakashama-wakavhurika uchitamba neparera. Nekudaro zvimwe zvinhu zvainge zvisiri nyore kupurika nekuda kwemamiriro ekunze akadai se "bamboo-eye urns" kana "unicorn bamboo urns".

    The Vietnamese vanowanzoshandisa coconut coil yakanyoroveswa muto wechero muto carambola muchero uye wakasanganiswa nemunyuwa madota kuti apukute bronze urns kusvikira ave glossy uye anopenya.

    Kazhinji, vanhu Vietnamese aichengeta matatu unit yakaiswa kana mashanu mayunitsi akagadzika kana manomwe chiumbwa chakaiswa paatari yemadzitateguru akabva anyatsogadzirira “chirairo”Fig.6) yemhemberero yekunamatwa kwemadzitateguru. Iyo mitatu-unit set (Fig.6) inoumbwa neuri imwe uye mbiri dzemakenduru. Iyo shanu-chinhu chakaiswa inosanganisira mukuwedzera pari yemafuta-lit kumira. Kunze kwezvinhu izvi, pakanga paine hari-yakafanana neye poto yendarira yeiyo ine aquilaria huni (Fig.7) uye bamboo akabata zvigadzirwa zvinoshandiswa kubata moto wemvura.²

    Mu Mawodzanyemba, mune yetatu yekuparadzanisa imba, aritari yemadzitateguru inogara yakaiswa mukati mekakati, nzvimbo yakatarwa kwazvo mumba. Iine zvakanaka kuita mhuri, atari inowanzogadzikwa panzvimbo mbiri: iyo yomukati neyokunze.

   The aritari yemukati ine mubato wakatsvuka mutsvuku, kana kuti yakaiswa pamitsara miviri yekukwirira, chinhu chose chakaiswa padyo nekuseri kwemadziro echikamu chepakati.

    The piritsi remadzitateguru (Bài vị) ie piritsi remunhu akafa (Thần chủ) inoiswa mukati mehuni diki atari-mukapu (Khám) iyo inoratidzwa pachigadziko padyo nemadziro. Dzimwe mhuri dzine piritsi rakatsiviwa ne nokunamata chigaro (ỗ Ỷ) kana ne chigaro - gomarara rakaumbwa rematafura (cỗ Ngai) - inomiririra chinzvimbo cheakadai kana akadaro tateguru.

    When is the nokunamata chigaro inonzi "Ỷ"Uye inonzi"ngai”? Chaizvoizvo, "Ỷ"Uye"ngai"Zvakafanana, kunze kwekusiyana chete pakati pemafomu avo ekuveza. Nezve "Ỷ", Maoko maviri aya akavezwa mukati meimba dzakafanana nehunde yemuti senge phyllostachys, anonzi" bamboo kunge phyllostachys maoko. " Musoro wechigaro cheushe hauna kuvezwa mumusoro wedombo, kana wakachengeterwa vanhuwo zvavo. Migumo ye ruoko rwe "ngai”Yakavezwa musoro wedhiraizi, kana yakachengeterwa mhuri dzemamarinari, uye nekunamata Madzimambo, madzishe uye Genie.

    Pamberi pe "Ỷ"Dzinoiswa maviri trayular matiraki nemakumbo. Iyo iri mukati, padyo nemadziro, idiki uye ine pairi a gomo-rakavezwa matatu-dais (tam sơn. Iyo yekunze yakakura (anenge 80cm x 60cm) uye inoshandiswa kuratidza ndiro dzinopihwa pamasangano, mazuva emitambo kana Ttt. Iyo yemukati neyekunze maraki akapatsanurwa na kunamatira keteni inonzi "y môn", Yakagadzirwa nesilika tsvuku gauze kana machira. Pedyo ne kunze kwe "y mônTafura yakakwirira kwazvo. Pakati pefurafura-yefurafura inonhuwirira porcelain inopisa yekubata matanda ejoss. Kumativi ese epombi yekupisa rusenzi pane mwenje miviri inoratidzwa symmetrically. Kumashure kwechipfungaidzo chefurafura pane tafura diki iyo inoratidzwa matanda matatu akasungwa ekunamata pane iwo anoiswa matatu makapu ewaini.

    Zvaimbove izvo, marambi akange achivhenekerwa nemafuta peanut, rambi remwenje raiiswa mundiro, saka, vanhu vane hunyanzvi vakatenga bhuronzi (Fig.7) kana matanda emapuranga nemiromo yawo yakavezwa senge shizha re lotus kuratidza iyo yakataurwa mundiro; kana zvisiri, ndiro iyoyo inogona kutsiviwa nemakenduru. Padivi pemahwendefa emwenje aya pakanga paine zvekare neyetuti yejoss mataipi aine kapu yekuvhura kuti abate ma joss.

    Paive zvakare nemavhazha makuru maviri emaruva akaiswa pamativi ese uye kumashure chaiko kwema cranes. Zvino, pakupedzisira, yakashongedzwa tireyi yakaumbwa seyero yegirazi, yaishandiswa kubata mhando shanu dzemichero yechinyakare, yakaratidzwa zvine mutsindo pakati pamberi chaipo pekupisira rusenzi; tichava nemukana wekunyatso kudzidza chinyorwa ichi gare gare.

    Zvose izvi kunamata zvinhu, inoratidzwa nenzira yekutevedzana, inoitirwa kudzikamisa zvizere manzwiro ekuzvidemba akaratidzwa nevazukuru maererano nemadzitateguru avo. Asi, nemhuri dziine nhengo idzo dzinonzi mandarins, kunyanya dziya dziine mamaki kana dziya dzinogashira madzimba emambo, zvimwe zvinoratidzwa zvinodikanwa seizvi:

- A mhuri yakatarwa nechisimba cheumambo kuti mugamuchire mandarinal madhiresi emuchinda anofanira kuve nechitanda kubata mutemo weumambo.

- Mhuri kuva nemauto mandarins kana nhengo dzinowana kirasi yekutanga mukuremekedzwa kunogona kuratidza zvimwe zvinhu zvakaita semireza, zvikwangwani, maguru, zvigubhu.

- Mhuri kuva nemaamandins emauto, kunyanya iwo ane hukuru hwakakosha anofanira kuratidza muunganidzwa wezvombo zvinonzi setZvombo zvisere zvakakosha"(Bát bửu) - ine mhando sere dzezvombo (bronze awl, demo uye halberd, pfumo, tsvimbo huru…. Izvi zvombo zvakagadzirwa nehuni dzakavezwa kana bronze. Nekudaro, mhuri dzine tsitsi nedzakanaka dzichiri kufambisira mberi nzira dzadzo dzekusanganisa tsika dzadzo dzemhuri. Nechikonzero ichocho, tichiri kuona chakarembera nechemberi kweatari yemadzitateguruYakasarudzika yakavezwa bhodhi yakanyorwa neChina mavara"(Hoành phi) kanahombe calligraphic chiratidzo"(Ựi tự) yakatakura yakanyorwa mavara echiChinese akadai. "Dc duy hinh"(hunhu hunochengetedza mukurumbira uye mbiri), "Đức lưu quang"(kunaka kunochengeta kuchena), "Mộc hữu bản"(Miti ine midzi. Kune zvakare, yakawedzerwa kune iyoHoành phi”Uye yakaturikwa pamusoro payo, yakanaka“ diki ”hoành phi yakaumbwa senge peji rebhuku rine mativi akaputirwa. Ngatibve kunze kwenzvimbo yakachengeterwa aritari ndokukanda tarisiro kumativi ose; isu tichaona maviri mashoma emapuranga akakura mapuranga-akavakwa zvinoenderana neyakavakirwa dhizaini inovandudza kuremekedzwa, hunyoro uye hutsvene renzvimbo. Tichiri kukanganwa kutaura mutsara wakafanana unorumbidza mamiriro emhuri kana kutaura zvirevo, unowanzoiswa pamisoro ine mitsara yakadai seiyi: (Hupenyu hwemadzitateguru acharamba akasimba uye achagara zviuru zvemakore Kuzvarwa kwevazukuru vavanhu kuchava kunoshamisa nekusingaperi).

   Chekupedzisira, tinogona kuona yakaiswa pamberi peketeni tsvuku silika inonzi "kunamatira mwenje"(tự đăng. Ichi chigadziko chinobata mukati maro chihwenga chine mafuta enyuchi uye cheya. Gare gare, mushure mekuuya kwevapambi veFrance, vanhu vakadzitsiva nemwenje we3-tambo yeparafini. Mumaguta, kunamatira kunotsiviwa neyemagetsi magetsi bulb inowanzobatidza masikati neusiku. Kunyanya pane 3Tt mazuva, sepamazuva akadai munhu anonzwa senge mweya yemadzitateguru avo aripo. Kazhinji kutaura, zvinhu zvataurwa pamusoro apa zvinonamatwa zvakagadzirwa nezvinhu zvakadai sedanda rinokosha, porusheni yendarira. Ivo varombo chete vanoshuvira kuve nekunamata zvinhu zvakagadzirwa ne jack michero huni, mhando yehuni inowanzo shandiswa kunyora bhodhi yekudhinda iyo inonhuhwirira uye isingadyiwi nevanovezwa huni. Vazhinji vane hunyanzvi vanhu vangadai vane zvinhu zvakadai zvakasunganidzwa.

    Tsika yechinyakare yevanhu vedu inoda kuti, pakupinda mugore idzva, zvese zvinofanirwa kunge zviri zvitsva, uye nekudaro, pamaaritari mumhuri dzese seti yezvinopisira zvinonhuwira uye zvigadziko zvemarambi zvinofanirwa kuve zvakakwenenzverwa kuwana yakachena uye yakakwana kubwinya. Pamatari akadaro ane makuva uye anoremekedza, zvinhu zvekunamatira zvinoratidzwa zvakafanana mumatunhu ese ari matatu, nepo chinhu chakanyanya kukosha zvikamu zvitatu zvezvinhu zvekunamata (chinonhuhwirira chigadziko uye zvigadziko zviviri zvemwenje).

    Icho chinopisa rusenzi chinoiswa pakati, padhuze nemucheto weatari, uye inoshanda nemazvo uye zvakasiyana nemukati wayo usina chinhu unoshandiswa kubata madota, uye chifukidziro chayo pane zvishongedzo zvakagadziriswa zvakaita sepiki, nyati, a kondo… Yakashongedzwawo neyevanhu vechiChinese vechivanhu vakaita se: Kuzvipira kwoumwari, Mwanakomana anofara, Kukomborera, Upfumi, nezvimwe… Pamwe pamwe nezvishongo zvakanaka zvakavezwa, kubvumira rusenzi kuparadzira utsi hwayo hunonhuwirira.

   Iwo makenduru anoiswa symmetrically pamativi ese epombi. Iyo ine zvikamu zvitatu: chigadziko, muviri uye denderedzwa ndiro yakaiswa pakati penheyo nemuviri, ine chinangwa chekuunganidza madota anowira pasi kubva pamarambi. Pamusoro pemuviri wayo pane yakavhurika denderedzwa pakubata kenduru, sekusimba kwayo, kazhinji inotenderera. Vanhu vari kumaodzanyemba vanofarira kushandisa sosi yezvinonhuwira-kupisa (anomiririra hunhu huna), apo vanhu vari muCentral uye muNorth Vietnam vakaita senge yakatenderera yakaita mhando (inomiririra zuva. Kune mune dzakasiyana siyana pagodas seti dzegoridhe zvinonhuwirira-vanopisa zvakakwirira kusvika pa80cm uye inorema kunge gumi kilos kana anopfuura gumi kilos. Ipo, pakati pemazhinji akapararira, iyo 10cm yakakwirira mhando inowanzo shandiswa; haiwanzo gadzirwa nendarira, sezvo zvinoenderana nevashandisi, vangave vapfumi kana varombo vanhu .Mazuva apfuura, kuti kuve neanopisa rusenzi, vazukuru vaifanira kupedza hafu yezuva, vachishandisa carambola, ndimu. nejecha kuti riapukutise, uye riomese muzuva katatu kana mana isati yaridzosera kuartari.

    Mazuva ano, Tiri kurarama munguva yekumaindasitiri nekutengesa, saka, pakutanga kwaZvita, tinogona kuona kwese kwese vashandi vazhinji nemabhokisi ezvishandiso, vakagadzirira kupurinda marudzi ese endarira uye esimbi zvinhu, kunyanya pazuva re23 mwedzi wekupedzisira wemwedzi apo mukicheni Mwari vanobhururuka kudzokera kuDenga; pazuva rakadai, vashandi vekupukuta vaiwanzoita mabasa mazhinji kuti vaite zvinodiwa nevanhu…

    Pachikumbaridzo cha hutsva Nyowani, zvese zvinyowani uye nyowani.³

CHERECHEDZA:
¹ Batanidza Muzvinafundo HUNG NGUYEN MANH, Chiremba wePhylosophy muNhoroondo.
² Sekureva kwaBÌNH NGUYÊN LỘC - (Iko kurasikirwa nezvakawanikwa zvetsika kana Tranquil Tets kumaodzanyemba) - Saigon, Oriental Ongororo, akakosha zvinyorwa 19 na20, Ndira naKukadzi, 1973.

CHERECHEDZA:
¹ Batanidza Muzvinafundo HUNG NGUYEN MANH, Chiremba wePhylosophy muNhoroondo.
² "Hợp hương dĩ đồng chế" (Urn-yakaita sendarira yendarira yeiyo ine mvura yemuti).
³  Zvinoenderana na "ĂO TĂNG"Iyo seti yezvinonhuwira paTết”- (Magazini avanhu) rakanyorwa Jan. 24, 1999 - p.5

BAN TU THU
01 / 2020

CHERECHEDZA:
◊ Kunobva: Vietnamese Inotangira Nyanya Nyowani - Major festival - Asso. Prof. HUNG NGUYEN MANH, Chiremba we phylosophy mu Nhoroondo.
Old Zvinyorwa zveBold uye sepia mifananidzo yakaiswa naBan Tu Thu - gvanevachar.com

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