French ORIENTALIST - Chikamu 1

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Prof. Assoc. Dr. Munhoroondo HUNG NGUYEN MANH¹

   Nhasi, the Vanhu veVietnamese handichazvioni, kunyangwe iyo silhouette, yevaFrench colonialists pane nyika yevietnam. Ivo vanogona kungoonekwa chete kuburikidza neyekare mapeji emabhuku enhoroondo kana kuburikidza nekutsvaga mabasa senge iyo Bulletin de l'école Française d'Extrême-Orient (Far-Eastern French Chikoro), Bulletin de la Société des Étuding Indochinoises, Bulletin of the Society for Indochinese Study), ari Bulletin des Amis du Vieux Huế (Shamwari dzeOld Huế Bulletin), kana Publication de I INstitut Indochinois pour the l'étude de l'homme (kuburitswa kweIndochinese Institute for the Study yeMurume)…, Kana kuburikidza nemagwaro ekutsvagisa nezvezvinhu, zvetsika, uye nehupenyu hwemweya hwevanhu vechiVietnamese avo vakasara kumashure. Pakati pezvinyorwa zvakadaro, mamwe acho haana kungosimbisa kuvapo kwevazhinji vevadzidzi veFrance kubvira makore angangoita zana, asi akasimbisa kuvapo kwevazhinji Roman Catholic vapirisita uye mamishinari kubvira mazana emakore apfuura, kubudikidza nekutsvaga kwakawanda kunoshanda "Basa revaJesuits muTonkin"(*), uye nekufambira mberi kukuru kwakaitika mukushandurwa kwevasingatendi kuti kuna Mwari muchiRoma Katurike kubva 1627 kusvika 1646 ”.     

   Vaprisita nemamishinari vese havana kungofamba netsoka munzvimbo dzekumaodzanyemba dzekuSouth neNorth Vietnam, asi ivo vakapindawo munzvimbo dzine makomo, senge nyaya dzaMufundisi Baba SAVINA.² uyo akadzidza madzinza emadzinza ari kuNorth makomo nzvimbo uye mune Sino-Vietnamese nharaunda yenzvimbo; baba vaRev CADARE³, avo kunze kwezvinhu zvine chekuita neruzhinji, mutauro, uye zvirevo zve Vietnamese - anga aitawo zvekutsvaga pa nhoroondo yeChams; kana nyaya yaRev. Baba DOURISBOURE⁴ uyo akaita tsvakiridzo pane ethnography. Kune zvakare kuna Rev. baba ALEXANDRE DE RHODES⁵ uyo akaunganidza Duramazwi Annamiticum Lusitenum et Latinum - Roma 1651.

   Pakanga paine, panguva iyoyo, kwete chete mamishinari uye vadzidzi, asiwo vatengesi. Kunyangwe vaive vakabatikana zvakanyanya nebhizinesi ravo, ivo vaive vachiri kuNorth kunyora hukama hwavo senge nyaya yeTVVI⁶, kana iya yaSAMUEL BARON⁷ (murume wechirungu) uyo akange arondedzera tsanangudzo dzenyika yaakashanyira. Ivo zvakare vakatarisisa zvakanyanya kune zvematongerwo enyika uye zvemagariro, pamwe netsika nemaitiro, geography, uye nhoroondo yemitauro munzvimbo dzavaive vashanyira.

   Asi, sechinhu chakakosha, kwaive nevatongi veFrance avo vasina kungotora hutongi, asi zvakare vaichengetedza nguva yakawanda yekuita basa rekutsvagurudza senge nyaya yaSabatier uyo aidzidza mutemo wetsika uye saga wedzinza reEde, NYAMA⁸ avo vakanyanya kutarisisa kuna vietnamese ngano-ngano uye mutauro, uye CORDIER⁹ - kunyangwe aive mukuru wechiitiko, akamboshanda semuturikiri weiyo Indochinese Ministry yeRuramisiro uye akange adzidzisa Vietnamese uye Chinese kuvakuru veFrance. Kana ari wemauto Emuchadenga CESBRON¹⁰, anga akuda kukwidziridza vietnamese ngano uye ngano dzakasvikira kumusoro kumatenga.

   Paive zvakare nemupurisa superintendent DAYOT¹¹ ndiani anodudzira ĐỒ CHIỂU nhetembo¹² LỤC VÂN TIÊN muchiFrench, achipa kutarisisa kwake kwese ndima, izwi rimwe nerimwe… Pakati pevazhinji vaongorori veFrance, vane mukurumbira vaive vanhu vaitevera: G. DUMOUTIER¹³ - anochera matongo, ethnologist uye orientalist - anoshandiswa ne Gavhuna Mukuru semuturikiri wake, MAURICE DURAND¹⁴, munyori anozivikanwa webasa rakanzi  "Vietnamese Yakakurumbira Imagery". PIERRE HUARD¹⁵ uyo aive anyora iro raizivikanwa kwazvo bhuku rakanzi  "Kuziva kweVietnam", uye nguva pfupi yadarika, takave neFILIPPE LANGLET,¹⁶ a Chiremba munhoroondo, uyo akange adzidzisa Literature pakutanga Saigon University, uye akange adudzira iyo "Khâm Định Việt Sử Thống Giám Cương Mục (1970)" (Yakabvumidzwa Nhoroondo yeVietnam) uye akarishandisa seiyo pfungwa yekuwana dhigirii rake Doctor. Nhasi, havazi vazhinji vanhu kubva muchizvarwa ichocho vachiri vapenyu. Vakangoregedza nzvimbo dzavo kune dzimwe Russian, Japan, American orientalists… Zvichienderana nemaonero ekutsvagisa, anogona kunge ari ekuda pfuma kana fungidziro, dialectical kana metaphysical… iyo Zvidzidzo zveVietnamese zvinoratidzwa pamberi pameso avo nezvinhu zvitsva.

   Nekudaro, mushure mekuongorora magwaro ese akasiiwa sezvataurwa pamusoro apa hatina kusangana nemuongorori wechiFrench anonzi HENRI OGER¹⁶! Pamwe, isu tinofanirwa kuverenga chinyorwa naPIERRE HUARD, chakaitwa pane iyo Bulletin de l'école Française d'Extrême-Orient uye yakanzi "Henri Oger, piyona muhunyanzvi hweVietnamese" (Mufananidzo 72). Zviri mukati menyaya ino zvinogona kukanda mwenje pamurume wechiFrench uyu.

... ramba uchienderera muChikamu 2 ...

CHERECHEDZA:
◊ French ORIENTALISTS - Chikamu 2.

ZVINYORWA:
(*) Dunhu rinotongwa na Ishe Trịnh kubva Đèo Beng kuenda kuNorth VN.

¹⁵: PIERRE HUARD - Iye piyona muhunyanzvi hweVietnamese - Henri Oger (1885-1936?), BEFEO, Tome LVII - 1970 - mapeji 215-217.

BAN TU THU
07 / 2020