LA COCHINCHINE - Nhanganyaya
Hits: 462
Assoc. Prof. Hung Nguyen Manh PhD.
La Cochinchine or Nam Ky [Nam Kỳ], nzvimbo yakakura yeSouth Vietnam Nam, yaive imwe yehurongwa hwevarwi vekuFrance vekunze munzira. kukunda kwavo pakupera 19th century. Iri izwi rakaumbirwa rine zvinhu zviviri: Cochin or kubika anodudza chaochi (vekare Vietnam Nam) uye Chine kubva ku Chokwadi (mumwe wedzinza muChina panguva yeWarring States nguva) inoratidza nzvimbo yayo inosangana neChina. Asi, kumwe kufungidzira kunoreva kuti zita iri Cochin, chiuto cherwizi rweMekong (kana Kohchin kana Cửu Long), yakabhururuka nepakati Thuy Chan Lap [Thuỷ Chân Lạp] (Mvura Chenla) uye kupi Nam Ky [Nam Kỳ] vagari vemo.
Mu 15th zana emakore, veEuropean vanoongorora gungwa vaizomira paMekong delta kuti vatenge chikafu nemvura nyowani. Zvinogona kutaurwa kuti Nam Ky [Nam Kỳ] yaive mhando ye “Silk Road"Pane nzizi, zvakanaka kwazvo kutengeserana kwemvura. Vanoongorora zveEurope vanozviti zvakare Chochi or Cochin kusiyanisa iyo kubva kuCochin muIndia.
Pane imwe nguva munhoroondo yeViet Nam, Cochinchine yaishandiswa pakugadzira Dang Trong [Đàng Trong] uye Tonkin nokuti Dang Ngoai [Đàng Ngoài]. Zvichakadaro, Vhetinamu [Vhetinamu], Laos uye Kambodhiya vakasarudzwa pasi pezita rakasanganiswa re "Indochina.. Izwi iri rakonzera kuvhiringika mukufunga kwevatorwa vekunze kweFar East pavanogadzira nzira yavo yekubuda nekuti inoreva kune vese India neChina. Uyezve, vatorwa vaizvibvunza kuti sei Vietnam Nam yakakamurwa kuita zvikamu zviviri: Dang Trong [Đàng Trong] uye Dang Ngoai [Đàng Ngoài] nharaunda iri pakati pavo, pakanga pagere roy'al, inonzi An [An]. Mukutonga kwechiFrench, vakatumidzwa mazita Bac Ky [Bắc Kỳ], Nam Ky [Nam Kỳ] uye Trung Ky [Trung Kỳ] zvichiteerana.
Even Nam Ky [Nam Kỳ], dunhu rakasangana nematambudziko mazhinji ezvematongerwo enyika, raidaidzwa nenzira dzakasiyana munhoroondo: Gia Dinh [Gia Định] (1779-1832); Nam Ky [Nam Kỳ] (1834-1945); Nam Bo [Nam Bộ] (1945-1948); Nam Phan [Nam Phần] (1948-1956); Nam Viet [Nam Việt] kana Mien Nam [chamhembe] (1956-1975); kana iyo Phuong Nam [Maodzanyemba] nharaunda ikozvino.
Iri bhuku rine musoro La Cochinchine inotsanangura nhoroondo, hupfumi, tsika uye kushanyirwa kwenyika yakakura mu Cửu Yakareba rwizi delta kana kumwe kudanwa Nam Ky Luc Tinh [Nam Kỳ Lục Tỉnh]. Mukutanga makumi mavirith muzana remakore; Nam Ky [Nam Kỳ] yakava koloni yeFrance uye yakatongwa naGavhuna D. Cognacq. Zita rake rinowoneka pabutiro rebhuku souchapupu hwekukosha kwetsika dzebhuku racho pacharo.
Iri bhuku rinotanga nekutaura kwakaitwa naIndochina Gavhuna General Alexandre Varenne musi 11th Gumiguru 1925 kuSt-Gervais. Uyu murume aionekwa nechikamu cheiyo nguva iyoyo yehungwaru yeFrance semagariro ezvematongerwo enyika. Kutaura uku kunoita sokunge kunongedza muenzaniso wekutonga kwakaomeserwa nevanhu kuitira kuti bhuku riwanikwe zvakanyanya kutenderera rezvematongerwo enyika muParis kwete Vhetinamu [Vhetinamu].
Asi, bhuku racho harina chero 'nhoroondo pamusoro pemunyori, Marcel Bemanose (1884-1952. Kubva mumatura, takaona kuti iye aive mukuru, mupi wezvetsika kuna vazhinji maGavhuna a Nam Ky [Nam Kỳ] uye Magavhuna General of Indochina, uye iye akasiya mamwe mabhuku ekutsvaira paIndochina.
Tinofanirawo kutaura Mufananidzo Nadal-Saigon [Saigon], wemuIvheninese nhoroondo muvhimi, ane mifananidzo yaakaita bhuku iri nhoroondo yechokwadi ye Nam Ky [Nam Kỳ].
La Cochinchine yakatanga kuburitswa neFoto Nadal House muna 1925 paine yakadhindwa-ye 400 makopi akaverengeka. Kopi yatinoshandisa kudhinda iyi inoverengerwa 319 uye inosanganisira 436 akanyorwa emhangura akagadzirwa neImba imwe chete.
Pasinei nekuvandudzwa kwemakore zana apfuura, iro bhuku La Cochinchine yakachengetwa sechipoko pamhuri yemunyanzvi Trương Ngọc Tờngng kubva kuCai Lậy, Tiền Giang. Ikozvino yakashandiswazve na Xưa & Kwete (Kare & Nhasi) Magazini uye Hong Duc [Hong Duc] Vaparidzi mumitauro yechiFrench neyechirungu mumhando yekutanga, zvakadaro vachiwedzerwa neshanduro yeVietnam. Vaverengi vanowana mariri mamesire evatangisa e20th yekoloni Nam Ky [Nam Kỳ] nharaunda.
Kuri rukudzo kwandiri kuti ndisvitse bhuku racho kune vaverengi pachikumbiro cha Xưa & Kwete Magazini.
CHERECHEDZA:
◊ Kunobva: LA COCHINCHINE - Marcel Bernanoise - Hong Duc [Hong Duc] Vaparidzi, Hanoi, 2018.
◊ Akashinga uye akatsanangura mazwi eVietnamese akaiswa mukati memakotesheni mavara - akaiswa naBan Tu Thu.