Frencj kurwisa Saigon - Holylandvietnamstudies.com

IYO nzira yei iyo France yakatora Vietnam muna 1857? - Chikamu 2

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III. Kuvhiringidzika KK HỲA Uye YEMADZIMAI YEMADZIMAI HONDI MUZVIRI1861-1862)

mushure Kudonha kweBeijing uye kuguma kwe Hondo yechipiri yeOpium kuChina, hurumende yeFrance yaMambo Napoleon III (1808-1873)^[19]ndafunga kuenderera mberil'expédition de Cochinchine”Kana kukunda kweSouthern Vietnam. PaFebruary 1861, pasi pemirairo yepamusoro yeFrench Admiral Leonard Charner (1797-1869)^[20], kusimbiswa kukuru kwemauto eFrance muFar East akaendeswa kuSaigon, iyo yainyanya kuve nevevaridzi vane ruzivo kwazvo vehondo yeChinese. Sekureva kwemukuru weFrance Léopold Pallu de la Barrière (1828-1891)^[21], mauto avo ekukunda kweSouthern Vietnam vaive^[22]:

Yekutanga French zvinyorwa:

"… Anosvika makumi manomwe makumi mana navires e guerre, dont 70 kuva voiles et 14 à vapeur. Sep navires loués à La Washington 56 servers-généraux, 4 capitaines de vaisseau, makumi maviri neshanu L'artillerie s'élevait à 13 bouches à feu, la Force nominale des mashine à 22 chevaux-vapeur… ”

Shanduro yeChirungu:

“… Pane zvikepe zvehondo makumi manomwe, gumi nemana zvacho zviri zvikepe uye makumi mashanu nezvitanhatu. Ngarava nomwe dzakaburitswa nePeninsular neEastern Company dzakashandiswa pakutaurirana padivi pegungwa. 70 General maofficial, 14 kaputeni wengarava, makumi maviri nemaviri makaputi efrigates, 56 lieutenant engarava, 4 zviratidzo, vangangoita zana, vanachiremba zana, zana maofficial mahofisi, 13 vafambisi vechikepe, vakanyora vashandi. Pfuti idzi dzakasvika pfuti mazana mana nemakumi mana nemana, simba rechina remakumi manomwe nematanhatu emagetsi emabhiza… "

Kusiyana gore ra1858, ne14 chete dzeFrance dzehondo dzekurwiswa kweTraneane. Muna 1861, pakanga paine makumi manomwe makumi mana ehondo dzemarudzi ese vakapinda muCochinchina Campaign. Dzimwe dzehondo dzehondo idzi dzekuFrance dzaive dzakakura zvechokwadi uye dzakakwirira kupfuura dzaive neVietnam panguva iyoyo, semuenzaniso, iyo Frigate la Persévérante, yakashongedzwa zvakakwana nemakani anopfuura makumi matanhatu nemakorona e60 manpower^[23]^[24].

Zvakare, vaFrance vakarovedzerawo zvinopfuura 600 Chinese Chinese anomenaries uye inotonhorera avo vaive varikuda kurwira pasi pechirambidzo cheChipiri hweFrance Humambo^[27].

Pakupedzisira, zuva renjodzi yakauya musi wa 24 Kukadzi 1861 mukati me Hondo yeKỳ Hòa^[28], apo mitsetse yekuzvidzivirira yeVietnamese yaive yakavaka Saigon kwemakore maviri yakazokoromoka pasi pakarwiswa mauto zviuru zvina kusvika zviuru zvishanu nemubatsiro we mazana ezvombo zvekunyura nehondo makumi mashanu^[29]. Kwaive kurwa kweropa chaiko mativi ese. Zuva rekutanga rehondo rakauraya vaFrance nevaSpanish 6 vakaurayiwa uye makumi matatu vakakuvara^[30]. Pakati pevakakuvadzwa pakanga paine vatariri vepamusoro senge French Mukuru Élie de Vassoigne (1811-1891)^[31]neSpanish Colonel Carlos Palanca Gutierrez (1819-1876)^[32]. Zuva rakatevera rakaona kuparadzwa kweKỳ Hòa mutsara wekudzivirira, pamwe nevakafa vevarwi gumi nevaviri veFrance nezvikepe, nepo mazana maviri nemakumi maviri neviri akakuvara. Vazhinji vekuVietnamese vakakuvadzwa zvakanyanya uye vaisvika zviuru zana vakafa nekukuvara, kusanganisira Marshal Nguyễn Tri Ph Thaơng.

Senge mafashama mushure mekuputswa kwedamu, kungoita gore rimwe chete mushure meKawa kweKỳ Hòa (Kukadzi 1861 - Kukadzi 1862), iwo maguta ose eruwa Gia Định, Định Tường uye Bien Hoa yakazobatwa nemauto eFranco-Spanish. MaFrench akaronga hurongwa hwe “nharembozha” munzvimbo dzavaigara, nengarava diki nedzepakati pehondo dzenzizi dzakadai se "canonnière"(pfuti) ^[34],chibatine canonnière"(pfuti) uye Portugese-rudzi rwemauto "marori"^[35]. Dzakanga dzakanyatsokodzera kumatunhu nenzizi muSouthern Vietnam. Semuenzaniso, muna 1861–1862 maFrench pfuti l'Alarme akagara parutivi rweVaico rwizi (Vàm Cỏ) ^[36], in charge of defense kubva Tay Ninh to Yakareba An.

Nepo Nguyễn Dynasty akadzokera uye akadzokera mumhirizhonga, yakawanda VeVietnamese varimi uye mauto akasimuka uye akarwisa zvine mutsindo kurwisa mauto eFrance kwese kupi. Iye mukuru weVietnamese anopinda musangano panguva iyoyo aive Marshal Trương Định (張定, 1820-1864)^[38]. Pasi pechiratidzo che Marshal Trương Định, akawanda evatungamiriri vehondo vane tarenda vakadai Nguyễn Trung Trực (阮忠直, 1838-1868) akarwa zvine simba kurwisa vaFrance^[39]. Musi waZvita 1861, mauto ake uye iye pachake akapisa moto weFrance mauto L'Espérance muNhựt Tảo river, chiitiko chakati chakauraya hupenyu hwevarwi gumi nevaviri veFrance neTagal pamwe nevarume makumi maviri veVietnam. Muna 17, mamiriro ezvinhu akatokundikana nemauto kuFranco-Spanish mauto ebasa, apo typhus nedzimwe mhando dzemaladhi vakauraya hupenyu hwe mazana emazana evarume. Nzvimbo kubva Gò Công to Cần Giờ vakazosunungurwa ndokuzove vanoshandira vapanduki vekuSouthern Vietnam.

**IV. KUTI KUTI KUTI ISIGONI (Chikumi 5, 1862): KUSVIRA “KUTAMBUDZIRA MUZVIPO” VIETNAMESE RESISTANCE FIGHTERS**

Zvichakadaro, Royal Court ye Nguyen Dzinotonga mukutonga kwa Mutongi Tự Đức (嗣德, 1829-1883)^[41]akavhunduka chose uye akavhunduka achinzwa zvese zvakashata nezveKudonha kweKỳ Hòa, Kuwa kweGia Định, Định Tường neBiên Hòa maguta emapurovhinzi. Naizvozvo, mugore rose ra 1861 kusvika kutanga kwa 1862, Royal Court yakataura nevamwe ndokukurukura neFrench yekutsvaga Chibvumirano cherunyararo ((?)

Emperor vaisanyatsoziva nezve mamiriro evarwi vechiFrench muCochinchina, avo vaitambura zvakanyanya vakakuvadzwa kubva kuVietnamese vehondo yehondo uye zvakare kubva kumatenda nezvirwere. Uyezve, panguva iyoyo iyo Hondo yeFrance kuMexico (1861-1867) zvaiitika^[42]. Hondo yekuMexico yaitova "quagmire", iyo yakadhura vanhu vazhinji vekuFrance uye ikave iyo yekutanga pamberi paNapoleon III kutumira mamwe masimbisirwo kwete iyo Cochinchina.

Mamwe mandarin Nguyen Dzinou akatoudza Changamire nezve mamiriro chaiwo. Zvisinei, Emperor vakasarangana kusaina chibvumirano chinonzi "Runyararo" nemauto eFrance neSpanish muSaigon, na5 Chikumi 1862. Akaendesa mamarins epamusoro. Phan Thanh Giản (潘清簡; 1796-1867) uye Lâm Duy Hiệp (林維浹, 1806-1863) yekusaina Chibvumirano^[44]^[45].

Maererano neSungano, matunhu ese matatu eGia Định, Định Tường naBiên Hòa vakazoiswa kuFrance! Uyezve, iyo Chisungo 9 nezve Chibvumirano ichi chaive pamusoro akabatana naFranco-Vietnamese mauto kubata avo vanonzi "Pirates"Uye"makororo”MuCochinchina^[47]! Sezvinobvumwa, zvinoreva zvese vatungamiriri veVietnamese vekuSouthern Vietnam vakaita saTrương Định, Nguyễn Trung Trực, Võ Duy Dương ... vasina kukanda zvombo zvavo vanokwanisa kunyorwa se “maPirates” uye “mahure”, pese paida French, uye the Nguyễn Dynasty zvakare yaive nebasa rekumanikidza kuti vape!

Naizvozvo, Chibvumirano chaSaigon muna 1862 chinogona kutorwa se chinouraya chinouraya kumashure kwevarwi veVietnam. Pashure pacho, vaifanira kurwa vega, pasina rubatsiro rweNguyễn Dynasty (ivo vanokwanisa kusungwa voendeswa kuhutongi hweFrance kana zvichidikanwa. Kubva ipapo, Nguyễn Dynasty akashanduka kuva mutengesi ane mbiri kurudzi rweVietnam! Panguva iyoyo, vanhu muSouthern Vietnam vaive nechirevo chakakurumbira.

“Phan, Lâm mãi quốc; triều đình khi dân. (Phan [Thanh Giản] naLâm [Duy Hiệp] vanotengesa kunze kwenyika; vedare hainei nevanhu)

Pasinei nekumanikidzwa kubva kumativi ese eFrance neRoyal Court, Marshal Trương Định akazivisa kuti acharwa nemauto anopinda nechisimba kusvika kumagumo ehupenyu hwake! Muna 1863, maFrench Admiral Louis Aldophe Bonard (1805-1867)^[49]wo yakatumira Trương Định a Tsamba ye Ultimatum. Nekudaro, Trương Định zvine hunyoro vakapindura tsamba yeAustralia Admiral achiti:

"Triều đình Huế không nhìn nhận chúa ta, nhưng chúng ta cứ bảo vệ Tổ quốc chúng ta." (Dare reRoyal Court kuHuế harina kumboziva kufamba kwedu, asi isu tichiri kurwira Nyika Yenyika.)

Uye akaenderera mberi nehondo yevapanduki kusvika pakufa kwake muna 1864.

V. MUMWE MAHARA

The "Runyararo Chibvumirano cha 1862”Chakasainiwa chichirega muFrench uyo anga ari munzvimbo isina kunaka, akazopedzisira ave mukundi! Uyezve, vese veku Vietnamese vekurwisa varwi vakapedzisira vava "vapanduki" uye "vapambi" maererano nesungano iyi! Nekusayina iwo Chibvumirano chaSaigon, kusununguka kweVietnamese kwakarasika chikamu kuHumambo hwePiri hweFrance. Munhoroondo yese yeVietnamese, yaive imwe ye zvinonyanya kufarira uyezve zvinhu zvekupengesa zvakaitwa nehurumende yeVietnam.

Gare gare mberi, Royal Court ye Nguyen Dzinesi rakaramba richisainirana zvibvumirano zvakati kuti, seChibvumirano cha 1874 kana Yechipiri Chibvumirano chaSaigon^[51], yakaziva mamwe matunhu matatu eSouthern Vietnam (An Giang, Vĩnh Long uye Hà Tiên) pasi pekutonga kweFrance. Pakupedzisira, iyo Chibvumirano chaHuế Muna 1884 zvakangoita kuti Vietnam ive "French Protectorate".

Kunze kwezviito zvekutengesa uye kusakwanisa kweRoyal Court, zvimwe zvikonzero zvakakonzera kurasikirwa kwerusununguko rweVietnamese:

The "vanobatana”: Vazhinji vekuVietnamese vaizvipira nekuzvidira vakashandira simba reFrance pasi pemapoka emamongi, akadai sa" Mã Tà "(Matas. Kune nzanga dzeChinese muSaigon, kukunda kweFrance kweCochinchina kwakavaunzira mabhenefiti akawanda kupfuura nakare sezvavakabatira pamwe ne "simba idzva" (Mukupesana, nzanga dzeSino-Vietnamese muRạch Giá Province uye Phú Quốc Island dzakabatana mukushora kwaNguyễn Trung Trực muna 1868).
Chaiyo Vietnamese bandit: Kubva 1862 kusvika 1865, kumukira kwa Tạ Văn Phụng (謝文奉,? -1865)^[52], mutengesi weVietnamese aishandira mauto ehungwaru veFrance, akauraya vazhinji kuRoyal Court. Ivo vakatsigirwa neuto rakakura reChinese pirates uye varwi muQuảng Ninh Province. Muna 1865, Phụng akabatwa akauraiwa muHuế.
The Chinese makororoKubva kuma 1870s, iyo Northern Vietnam yakavhiringidzwa zvakaipisisa nezviuru zveChinese varwi kubva kuBlack Flag Army uye Yepfu Hondo Army^[53], vaimbova pane imwe nguva varwi ve Kurwisa Kupandukiramuna China^[54].
The makakatanwa pakati peVietnamese veKaturike uye Vietnamese vaConfucianist: Muna 1874, maConfucius kuCentral Vietnam akapomera vaVietnamese veKaturike kushandira pamwe uye kurasikirwa kweSouthern Vietnam kumasimba eFrance. Naizvozvo, mhirizhonga iyi yakaitika pamwe neichi chirevo cha"Bình Tây Sát Tả!" (Paradza weFrance, Urayai Vanyengeri!)^[55]. Yakava hondo yevagari muCentral Vietnam, iyo yakaisa nyika yakanyura mukati meiyo nyonganyonga. Naizvozvo Nguyễn Trường Tộ (阮長祚, 1830-1871)^[56], uyo akatotumira kuna Emperor hurongwa hwake hwekuti atorezve iyo Southern Vietnam panguva Hondo yeFranco-Prussian^[57]).

Tichitarisa kubva pane zvekare, tinogona kudzidza zvakawanda zvidzidzo zanhasi: Kuti tigare takazvimirira uye nerusununguko, Vietnam inofanira kunge iri nyika yakasimba uye yakagadzikana, hurumende haifanire kurerutsa kuda kwevanhu, uye zvakare vanhu vanofanira kubatana semberi, kuremekedza mitemo nemirairo pamwe chete nekuita basa ravo.

Zvekare zvakare, yakawanda yekutenda nekuverenga uye tariro iyi mhinduro ichagutsa mubvunzo wako!

Mufaro.

Mashoko Omuzasi

[19] Napoleon III - Wikipedia

[20] Léonard Charner - Wikipedia

[21] Léopold Pallu de la Barrière - Wikipédia

[22] La campagne de 1861 en Washington

[23] Frégates a voiles de 1ze rang

[24] Makononi zana nemakumi mairi - Trois-Ponts!

[25] Saïgon: dock flottant

[26] MUFANANIDZO 19-01-1867

[27] Histoire contemporaine comprenant les principaux enévénements qui se sont accomplis depuis la révolution de 1830 jusqu'à nos jours et résumant, durant la même période, le mouvement social, artistique et littéraire