Trionychidae softshell turtle
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The Trionychidae are a taxonomic mhuri yehuwandu hwe turtle genera, inowanzozivikanwa se softshell turtles. Mhuri iyi yakavakwa na Leopold Fitzinger muna 1826. Softshells kusanganisira mamwe makurusa enyika turtles dzemvura yakachena, kunyange vazhinji vachigona kujairana nekugara munzvimbo dzine brackish zvakanyanya. Nhengo dzemhuri iyi dzinoitika mukati Africa, Asia, uye North America, nemarudzi akatsakatika anozivikanwa kubva Ositireriya. Mhando dzakawanda dzakabatanidzwa mu genus Trionyx, asi ruzhinji rwakatamisirwa kune mamwe generate (iyo North American Apalone softshells yakaiswa muTrionyx kusvika 1987).
Trionychidae anonzi "softshell” nokuti makumbo avo haana mavanga ane nyanga (zvikero), kunyangwe iyo spiny softshell, Apalone spinifera, ine zvimwe zvikero-sezviyereso, saka zita rayo. Iyo carapace ine dehwe uye inopfakanyika, kunyanya pamativi. Chikamu chepakati checarapace chine chidimbu chepfupa rakasimba pasi payo, semamwe turtles, asi izvi hazvipo pamicheto yekunze. Iyo goko rakareruka uye rinochinjika rekamba idzi rinodzibvumira kufamba zviri nyore mumvura yakashama kana mudhaka pasi pegungwa. Kuve negoko rakapfava zvakare rinovatendera kuti vafambe nekukasira panyika kupfuura turtles zhinji. Tsoka dzavo dzakarukwa uye dzine nzara nhatu, ndokusaka zita remhuri “Trionychidae," zvinoreva kuti "ane nzara nhatu“. Iyo carapace ruvara rwemhando imwe neimwe ye softshell turtle inowanzoenderana nejecha kana ruvara rwedhaka renzvimbo yaro, zvichibatsira mu "vandira" nzira yekudyisa.
Trionychidae vane hunhu hwakawanda hunoenderana nezvavo mararamiro emumvura. Vazhinji vanofanira kunyura mumvura kuti vamedze chikafu chavo. Dzakareba, dzakapfava, dzakaita semhuno yemhuno. Mitsipa yavo yakarebesa zvichienzaniswa nehukuru hwemiviri yavo, zvichiita kuti vafeme mweya wepamusoro apo miviri yavo inoramba yakanyura mu substrate. (dope kana jecha) tsoka kana kupfuura pasi pepamusoro.
Females Trionychidae inogona kukura kusvika mamita akawanda mu carapace dhayamita, nepo varume vachiramba vari vaduku zvikuru; iyi ndiyo nzira yavo huru yepabonde dimorphism. Pelochelys cantorii, inowanikwa mu Southeastern Asia, ndicho chikuru softshell turtle.
The Ba Ba Gai (Pelodiscus sinensis, chinese softshell turtle) iri mhando ye softshell turtle ndiko kwakaberekerwa Inner Mongolia, Guangxi, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Russia, Korea, Japan, Vietnam (the spotted softshell turtle Pelodiscus variegatus).
Most imhuka dzinodya nyama dzakasimba, dzine kudya kunosanganisira kunyanya hove, crustaceans dzemumvura, hozhwa, mhuka dzinorarama panyika mumvura, uye dzimwe nguva shiri nemhuka diki. Maererano ne Ditmars (1910): "Mandibles emarudzi mazhinji anoumba muganho wekunze wesimba rekupwanya maitiro-iyo alveolar nzvimbo dzeshaya.", iyo inobatsira kudyiwa kwemhuka dzakaomarara senge molluscs. Shaya idzi dzinoita kuti kamba huru dzive nengozi, sezvo dzichikwanisa kudimbura chigunwe chemunhu, kana kuti zvimwe ruoko rwake.
Softshells vanokwanisa"fema” iri pasi pemvura ine mutinhimira wemukanwa wadzo, uyo une zvinhu zvakawanda zvinowanwa neropa rakawanda, zvichiita zvakafanana nemafilaments ari muhove. Izvi zvinoita kuti vakwanise kugara pasi pemvura kwenguva yakareba.
Ba Ba Gai (Pelodiscus sinensis)
The Ba Ba Gai (Pelodiscus sinensis, Chinese softshell turtle) imhando yekamba yakapfava inozvarwa kwairi Inner Mongolia, Guangxi, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Russia, Korea, Japan, Vietnam (the spotted softshell turtle Pelodiscus variegatus).
Pelodiscus sinensis softshell turtles gara mumvura yakachena uye ine brackish. Izvi softshell turtles anowanikwa munzizi, madziva, madziva, migero, hova dzine mvura inononoka, madhaka, migero yemvura. Ba ba gai softshell turtles kazhinji vanonyudza misoro yavo mumvura. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti vanotakura jena rinoburitsa puroteni inovabvumidza kuburitsa urea kubva mumuromo mavo. Kugadziriswa uku kunovabatsira kurarama mumvura ine brackish nekuita kuti vakwanise kuburitsa urea vasina kunwa mvura ine munyu yakawandisa. Panzvimbo pokubvisa urea nekuita weti kuburikidza necloaca yavo sezvinoita turtles zhinji, izvo zvinosanganisira kurasikirwa kukuru kwemvura, vanongosuka miromo yavo mumvura.
Thesi Ba Ba Gai zvinonyanya kudyiwa uye zvakasara zvehove, crustaceans, mollusks, tumbuyu, mhodzi dzemiti yemvura.
Females e Pelodiscus sinensis softshell turtle inogona kusvika 33 cm (13 inches) pakureba kwecarapace, nepo varume vadiki vanosvika 27 cm (11 inches), asi zvine miswe mirefu kudarika hadzi. Kukura kunosvika pa carapace kureba kwe18-19 cm (7–7.5 inches). Ine tsoka dzakarukwa pakushambira. Izvi Ba Ba Gai kusvika pakukura pabonde pane imwe nguva iri pakati pemakore mana ne4 ezera. Dzinosvirana pamusoro pemvura kana pasi pemvura. Mukono unobata mboro yemukadzi nemakumbo ayo uye inogona kuruma mumusoro, muhuro nepamakumbo. Vanhukadzi vanogona kuchengetedza urume kwerinenge gore mushure mekukopana. Hadzi dzinokandira mazai 6–8 (inenge 20 mm kana 0.79 inch mudhayamita) mukubata (anenge 76–102 mm kana 3–4 inches) uye anogona kubva pa2 kusvika ku5 maclutches gore rega rega. Mazai anokandwa mudendere riri mhiri pamusuwo. Mushure menguva yekuyamwisa kwemazuva angangoita 60, iyo inogona kureba kana kupfupika zvichienderana nekupisa, mazai anochochonywa. Avhareji yekuchecheudzwa kwecarapace kureba nehupamhi ingangoita 25 mm (1 inch). Bonde remacheche haarongedzerwe nekushisa kwemukati.
Ba Ba Tron (Wattle-necked softshell turtle)
The Kamba ine mitsipa yakapfava (Palea steindachneri*), inowanzozivikanwawo se Kamba yeSteindachner's soft-shelled, iri mungozi Mhando dzeAsia dze softshell turtle mumhuri Trionychidae. Mhuka ndiyo chete nhengo ye genus Palea. Vanobva kwairi Southeastern China (Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Yunnan), Laos, Vietnam. (*Franz Steindachner, nyanzvi yezvemhuka yokuAustria). 
Palea steindachneri inoratidza zvepabonde dimorphism. Madzimai ekamba iyi yemvura yakachena anosvika 44.5 cm (17.5 inches) pakureba kwakatwasuka kwecarapace, nepo varume vachingosvika pa36 cm (14 inches). Zvisinei, varume vane muswe wakareba kupfuura vakadzi.
BAN TU THU
08 / 2022