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RUGWARO RUTSORO uye MARI YEMABHUKU EVIETNAM - Chikamu 3

4374 Views Nguyen Manh Hung

HUNG NGUYEN MANH

… Zvoenderera mberi:

Mushure mekutsvagira, tinogona kuona iyo nzira yekumhanyisa tsika yekudzidzira munguva yekare yaive yakapusa. Ngatiedzei kuritsanangura sekutevera (zvinoenderana nezvakashambadzirwa):

1. Weightlifting: Kusarudza dombo kana chinorema huremu kutenderedza makumi matatu nemasere. Vatambi vemitambo vairovera nekusimudza kumusoro uye pasi kubatsira kusimbisa mhasuru yavo. Kurema kwacho kwaizowedzera zvishoma nezvishoma.

2. Kudzidzira yakakwira bha: Kusarudza davi rakakwira kana kumisikidza yakakwirira bha (seyakafanana nebara). Kudzidzira kudhonza kumusoro uye pasi kasashanu kana manomwe mazuva ese.

Iyi tsika yaive yakafanana neremberi yakakomberedza: Kudhonza tsoka mbiri kubazi uye kutwasanudza pamusoro kuti uve nemisinga inochinja uye kudzidzira kukwira.

3. Kudzidzira kukwirira kwepamusoro: Kusarudza yakadzika mound uye kudzidzira kusvetuka. Kupfeka bhurukwa rakazadzwa nejecha uye zvishoma nezvishoma kubvisa jecha kuita. Kusvikira pakadururwa nejecha rese, varwi vehondo vanganzwa kupepuka. Nyanzvi yemitambo yakanaka inogona kusvetukira padenga remba.

4. Kubhinya uye kurova: Kushandisa maoko maviri kupinza bag rezviyo zuva nezuva. Kana kudzidzira kwenguva yakareba, munhu anogona kupinza kuburikidza nemuti webhanana. Kicemparch mabhanana miti saka zvidhinha madziro nemawere.

5. Kuita zvombo: Zvakajairika zvombo panguva iyoyo vaive vashandi, nhovo, uye zvifeve. Chombo chimwe nechimwe chaive nechimiro chayo chekuita, chimwe nechimwe, vaviri vaviri, kana kutamba (zvine hunyanzvi). Iye murayiridzi aigara akabata chioko muruoko rwake kuti arambe achirova vadzidzi (sekunge vachiita piano).

Ongorora: Munguva yekuita iyi, vadzidzi vekurwa vangangodya sosi yemupunga kana mabhanana mashoma. Kana uchidzidzira, vadzidzi vanowanzove nemaroni anorwadza uye murayiridzi aigadzira mashizha e bamboo kuti arwadziwe.

Sezvatsanangurwa pamusoro, kubvira pagore gumi nemana raMinh Mang, iyo bvunzo yemitambo yekubatira yakaitwa muThua Thien, ipapo kuHanoi uye Thanh Hoa. Thi Huong yakaitwa mumakore maererano nekutonga kweYin uye Yang: Mouse, Bhiza, Katsi, huku.

Thi Hoi akaitwa mumakore eDhira, Imbwa, Buffalo, Goat.

Mamwe makore akasara aive ebvunzo dzebhuku. Panyaya yemaitiro ebvunzo, chekutanga pane zvese, vanyori vanofanira kutora bvunzo nhatu dzakateedzana:

I. Kuongorora kwekutanga: Kurera huremu

- Iwo masimbi akaumbwa mutobvu, akatenderedza 66 kilos.
- Kushandisa maoko maviri kutakura zviyero zviviri pachinhambwe chingangosvika makumi matanhatu nemana emamita kana kureba, zvichienderana nekuti mukwikwidzi aive nesimba rakadii.

Kana akapfuura, mumiriri anozogoverwa kumusoro.
- Kana mukwikwidzi akangoshandisa ruoko rumwe chete kutakura huremu, ivo vanofanirwa kuenda pamusoro pe120 metres kuti vapiwe chinzvimbo chepamusoro.
- Kana vakatakura nemaoko maviri uye vachifamba kubva pamamita makumi mana nemasere kana ruoko rumwe vakatakura huremu humwe uye vachienda makumi matanhatu nemamita, vanozotorwa sevanopfuura.
- Kana zvisiri, ivo vaizobviswa.

II. Kuongorora kwechipiri: Kushandisa tsvimbo nepfumo

1. Vashandi vakagadzirwa nesimbi, yairema 18 kilos, yakakamurwa kuita zvikamu zvitatu. Vadzidzi vacho vaifanira kufambisa makumbo avo sekutamba, kukanda uye kurova chakanangwa.
- Kana vakagona kuenda mazana mana emamita, ivo vaizotariswa paavhareji.
- Kana ivo vachigona kuenda 160 metres, ivo vaizotarisirwa sevanopfuura. Kana vakatadza kusvika kure, vaizobviswa.

2. Mapfumo aive aine kureba kwemamita mazana matatu. Vanosarudza vakashandisa ruoko rumwe kubata pasi yepfumo; rimwe ruoko rwakabata nechepakati, hwakamira mamita gumi nemashanu kubva padumbu. Mushure maizvozvo, mumiriri akasvetuka kuti akwire nekumhanyisa, akananga kune chinangwa, obva amhanya kunobaya dumbu bhatani repopu. Kana achirova nepamuromo wepfumo, anenge achimisikidzwa akaiswa kumusoro; kana vachirova chete, vaiiswa pakati; kana vakapotsa chinangwa, ivo vaizobviswa.

III. Yechitatu bvunzo: Uchishandisa maseketi

- Vanoda kupfura vanofanirwa kumira 82 metres20 truong uye 5 thuoc) (5) (6) kure nechinangwa.
- Vakapfura vakatenderwa kupfura katanhatu:
a) Kana achirova raini nepfuti mbiri, mumwe akapfura denderedzwa rakatenderedza chinangwa, matatu akatemera kunze kwechinangwa, mumiriri akaiswa pamusoro.
b) Kana achirova chinangwa imwe nguva, imwe pfuti yakarova denderedzwa yakatenderedza chinangwa, pfuti ina kunze kwechinangwa, mumiriri akaiswa pakati.
c) Kana achirova denderedzwa rakatenderedza nguva mbiri, pfuti ina dziri kunze kwechinangwa, anenge achidzvanywa akaonekwa achipfuura.
d) Kana vakashaisa chinangwa katatu kana kungorova kamwe chete, vanokundikana.

Mhedziso mushure mebvunzo nhatu:

1. Kana akaverengerwa akakwirira uye avhareji, mumiriri anenge achinzi bachelor.
2. Kana yakarongwa chete kupfuura uye yakanzi baccalaureate.

Munguva yekupedzisira bvunzo (kuongorora kwemuromo), vanyoreri vanofanirwa kuenda nemibvunzo mitatu paMaseru classics.

Zvichienderana nezvawanikwa, ivo vanofanirwa kuverengerwa nemazinga akasiyana.

A. Thi hoi (kuongorora kwedhorobha)

Thi hoi [Thi hội] yakanga yakafanana neye thi huong asi nehuremu hwakasiyana: makumi matanhatu nemashanu emakirogiramu e chinhu chinong [thi hương] uye makumi manomwe nemashanu emakirogiramu thi hoi [thi hội].

Iyo kureba kurema kwese muhu huong kwaive nemakumi matanhatu nemakumi masere nemakumi emamirimita emamita thi hoi [thi hội].

Kana vachipasa bvunzo dzese, anenge achizotarisirwa anozoonekwa hang trung cach [hạng trúng cách].

B. Thi dinh (Imperial court court)

Kana zvirizvokuziva Chinese uye Yi ching), vanyoreri vanogona kuzvinyoresa pachavo mune bvunzo.

Kana vasingagoni kuverenga, vaisakwanisa kunyoresa mukati Thi dinh [Thi đình] asi aifanira kupindura mibvunzo inotevera pa:
1. Zvechiuto zvekare.
2. Mauto echiuto evakuru vakuru munguva yakapfuura uye yazvino.
3. Nhoroondo zvazvino.

Kuburikidza nemimwe bvunzo idzi, vatongi vaizotsamira pane zvawanikwa kuti vatarise huwandu hwavo.
- Kana akaonekwa akapasa, anenge achikwikwidza anozotariswa tien si vo (Chiremba wekarati).

aKupihwa chipfeko, ngowani, mureza, bhodhi.
b) Kubvumidzwa vinh quy bai kuti (kudzoka kumba kunopa kutenda kuna madzitateguru mushure mekuwana rukudzo rwedzidzo) (se tien si van [tiến sĩ văn])

- Kana vasina kupasa kana kungopasa iyo thi hoi [thi hộiuye vakatadza kuenda ku thi dinh [thi đình], ivo vaizopihwa yechipiri danho.

CHERECHEDZA:
1: LÉON VANDERMEERSCH, Le nouveau monde sinisé, Paris: Seuil, 1985.

2: Chu Van An [Chu Văn An] (1292-1370), zita chairo Chu An [Chu An], zita repeni Tieu An [Tiều Ẩn], zita retsamba Linh Triet [Linh Triệt]. Aive mudzidzisi, n'anga, yakakwirira-yepamusoro mandarin ye Pojat [Bare] Dzinhoroondo munhoroondo yeVietnam. Ainge akagwinya Van Trinh Cong [Văn Trinh Công]. Ndokusaka akazozivikanwa se Chu Van An [Chu Văn An]. Iye aive munhu akatwasuka aipfuura Thai hoc sinh (zita revaya vaipfuura mabhuku thi Hoi [thi Hội]) asi akaramba kuve mandarin. Pane kudaro, akavhura chikoro mu Huynh Cung [Huỳnh Cung] musha, mhiri kwe KuLich [Tô Lịch] Rwizi. Kudzidzisa kweAn kwakaita chikamu chakakosha mukuparadzira Confucianism muVietnam panguva ino. Mukutonga kwe Tran Minh Tong [Trần Minh Tông] (1300-1357), akazova mudzidzisi paInternational academy, maaive nebasa rekudzidzisa korona Vuong, mambo wenguva yemberi Tran Hien Tong [Trần Hiến Tông]. Gare gare, mukutonga kwaDu Tong, chikumbiro chake chekuti achedze mamwe mamarins manomwe, aakapomera uori, akarambwa. Ainge aneta ndokurega basa. Mushure maizvozvo, akadzokera Phuong Hoang [Phoenix] Gomo (Chi Linh, Hai Duong [Chí Linh, Hải Dương]). Akashandisa zita repenzura Tieu An [Tiều Ẩn] (chakavanzika chehuni. Kweupenyu hwake hwese, akaenderera mberi nebasa rake rekudzidzisa uye akanyora mabhuku.

(3) TRAN QuOC TUAN [Tran Quoc Tuan] akazvarwa muzana gumi nematatu (gumi gumi), iyo nguva yeushe hweMongolia nehope dza "kutonga nyika”, Iyo yakaita kuti Vietnam ive nechinangwa chekupinda muSoutheast Asia yose. Mukutonga kwe Tran Thu Do [Trần Thủ Độ], Tran Quoc Tuan [Tran Quoc Tuan] yakaparadza yekutanga kupinda kweMongolia. Pashure Tran Thu Do [Trần Thủ Độ] akafa (1264), akava mutungamiriri we Pojat [Bare] Dzinesi uye akakunda kupinda kweMongolia kwechipiri. Akakunda rwechitatu kukunda maMongols zvakare (1287) neakakurumbira Hondo ya Bach Dang [Bach Dang] Rwizi rwekudzivirira kwenyika Vietnam [Vhetinamu](Vadivelu Comedy Dai Viet [Vadivelu Comedy Dai Viet] Era) uye iyo Southeast Asia yose. Iye anoonekwa semutsvene.
(4) HENRI OGER - "Kỹ thuật của người An Nam" (Technique du peuple Annamite) - inoitwa mukati Hanoi [Hà Nội] (1908-1909. Mubatsiri Porofesa, PhD. NGUYEN MANH HUNG [Nguyen Manh Hung] akatsvagurudza, akaunzwa, uye akaziviswa kuCustoms neChipo Association mukati Hanoi [Hà Nội], Vietnam [Vhetinamu] (1984), California University muAmerica (2004), uye Chikoro cheParis cheMutauro Wemabvazuva muFrance (2006).

(5) Hung [Trượng] yekare urefu chikamu cheVietnam neChina. Iyo yeyako yekare kureba yuniti mune yedhora system yakavakirwa pamutongi wekutanga. Imwe truong yakaenzana nemamita gumi eVietnam (anenge 10 French metres).

(6) Thuoc [Mutongi] chishandiso chekuyera chinoshandiswa kuyera zvinhu, izvo chaizvo millimeter. Thuoc Thuoc [Mutongi] inoshandiswa kudhirowa, kuyera kureba, kukwirira, maAngles,….