KUKOSHESA kweCONFUCIANISM muzana ramakore gumi nemashanu

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Prof TAN, HA VAN

    pasi Pojat¹, kunyanya muzana remakore re14, VaConfucius akarwisa ChiBhudha vasingaregi. Nekuuya kwe Le², Confucianism yakakwira mukurumbira kuva dzidziso yehutongi yeboka rinotonga. Raive dombo repakona kune ese ezvematongerwo enyika uye ezvehukama masangano.

   Rudzi rwe Confucianism zvinopesvedzera Chivanze cheLe uye kutaurisa kwese kwaive rwiyo akasiyana anowanzozivikanwa se Neo-Confucianism. Yairatidzwa nedzidziso dzakasimudzirwa na Cheng Hao, Cheng Yi uye Zhu Xi. Neo-Confucius vaifarira ontological mapoka akadai li (mweya kana mutemo) uye qi (zvinhu), izvo zvavakaramba vachienda vachitsanangura hukama hwehukama pamwe nehunhu. Vakakoka li, kana kuti "mvumo yokudenga”Kudzivirira magariro aripo
urongwa.

    Vietnamese vaConfucianist, pakati pavo Ngo Si Lien³Muvambi Dai Da Da Kulai Toan Thu or Yakazara Nhoroondo yeGreat Vietnam, vakundwa simba ne Neo-Confucist dzidziso. Mambo Le Thanh Tong², mumashoko eumwe muConfucianist, Ita Nhuan⁴, ainyatsoziva dzidziso ye li. Zvipiriso zvevotivhi zvaiitwa kaviri pagore, mumatsutso uye mukuvhuvhuta, kusvika Confucius⁵ nevadzidzi vake gumi⁶. Chipo chakaitika pa Van Mieu⁷ - the Temple of Literature - muguta guru renyika Thang Yakareba⁸. Kubva 1465 zvichienda mberi, tsika iyi yakagamuchirwa mune dzimwe nzvimbo zvakare.

   Simba re Confucianism yakanzwika yakasimba mune dzidzo. Muna 1426, mauto ake paari kuvharira mauto anopinda ming, Le Lai⁹ akaronga bvunzo yemamarinari panguva yake yekuraira pa Bo De mudunhu remazuva ano re Gia Lam, Hanoi. Vadzidzi vakanzi vanyore "Tsamba Kudana iyo Ming muDong Quan kuti aipe“. Makumi matatu avo vakapfuura.

    Muna 1428, achangobva kugadzwa pachigaro, Mambo Le Loi² yakaraira kuti kuiswe zvikoro munzvimbo dzese. Quoc Tu Giam⁷ (National College) muguta guru renyika raive dzidzo yepamusoro sosi. Imwe bvunzo yakaitwa gore rakatevera, asi mirau haina kunyatso kusimbiswa kusvikira kutonga kwaMambo Sravana Sameeralu Serial XNUMXth Le Thai Tong². Kubva ipapo zvichienda mberi, bvunzo dzaiitwa makore ese matanhatu, mumatanho matatu. Yokutanga yaizoitiswa mumatunhu kusarudza Hongo (bachelor. Bvunzo yechipiri rakateedzerwa gore raitevera raidaidzwa kuti Hoi kuongororwa, kuburikidza, izvo Tien si (vanachiremba) achasarudzwa. Mukutenderera kwekupedzisira, iyo Palace Kuongorora, Mambo iye amene akasarudza vanachiremba vatatu vepamusoro, Trang nguyen, Bang nhan uye Tham hoa.

    Nenzira yake, Mambo Le Thanh Tong² zvakapihwa kuitisa bvunzo dze triennial. Akaisawo mimwe mitemo yakaoma kwazvo.

    Kutamba chinzvimbo che VaConfucius, iyo Le yakatanga mhemberero dze xung danh (kuziviswa kwemubairo-rondedzero) uye vinh quy (mukukunda kwekukunda kwemafashoni kunzvimbo dzekwavo. Mazita evanachiremba anozova asingafi pane stelae pa Van Mieu⁷.

    Kazhinji kutaura, dzidzo yaisanyanya exclusiveist pasi pe Le², uye kuwana kwakatopihwawo kune vakajairwa. Zvakangodaro, musha wega wega waifanira kupindura nekuda kwehunhu hwakanaka hwevanenge vavhotera ((Ndokumbirawo muone) uye makwikwi aifanira kupa yakadzama nhoroondo yekwavo kuzvizvarwa zvitatu (Cung khai tam dai). Vanhu vane hukama nemakororo kana varaidzo vaivharirwa bvunzo dzese.

    Vadzidzi vakadzidziswa Mabhuku mana⁵ uye Shanu Classics⁵ naizvozvowo Zhu XiMabhuku efilosofi uye nhoroondo. Aya aive mabhuku aive nemisoro yakatorwa pabvunzo. Nenzira iyi pakanga pasina mukana wekuzvitangira wega uye vadzidzi vaingonangana chete nerukudzo rwezvidzidzo vaifanira kutevedzera zvakadzama madhimoni echiConfucius.

    Nekuwedzera kwerudzi rwakateedzera kukunda kweiyo ming kupinda, maConfucius akaona kudikanwa kwekugadzirisa pfungwa dzeConfucian kuti dziite kuti dzinyatsoenderana netsika dzechivanhu. Izvi zvakajeka kubva pane pfungwa dze Nhan (humanism) uye Meaning (kuvimbika) yakafambiswa ne Nguyen Trai. ChiBhudha uye Taoism, kunyangwe vaive varasikirwa nekukwira kwavo, vaive kure nekunyangarika. Hupenyu hwavo hwaichengetwa mumaruwa. Kunyangwe kudare pakanga paine vakati wandei vaizvipembedza vechiBuddha. Kana iri yayo. Confucianism haana kuita chero kuedza kwakadzama kwekudzinga zvimwe zvinotendwa. Mambo Le Thanh Tong², muConfucianist stalwart, akatodanidzirwa pane Phap Van Mwari¹⁰ at Dau Tembere¹¹ nechinangwa chekupemha mvura.

ZVINYORWA:
¹  Pojat Dzinza (1225-1400: Makore 175). 
²  Le Dzinza (1428-1527: Makore 100): Hau Le dzinza: Le Saka, Le Trung Hung - iro zita renyika: Dai Viet - guta guru: Dong Kinh (zita rekare: Thang Long), kusanganisira madzimambo gumi nemana: Le Thai To (Le Loi - 1429-1433: makore mana, Thai Thai (1433–1442: Makore 9, Le Nhan Tong (1442–1459: makore 17), Le Thien Hung (1459-1460: 1 gore, Le Thanh Tong (1460–1497: Makore 37, Le Hien Tong (1497–1504: Makore 7, Le Tuc Tong (1504-1505: mwedzi mitanhatu, Le Uy Muc (1504–1509: Makore 5, Le Tuong Duc (1509–1516: Makore 7, Le Quang Tri (1516: mwedzi mitatu, Le Chieu Tong (1517–1522: Makore 5, Le Bang (1518-1519: Makore 2), Le Do (1519: mwedzi mitatuLe Xuan (1522–1527: Makore 7. Iyi yaive nguva huru uye yegoridhe yeVietnam feudalism; Dai Viet yakakura mune zvese zvikamu (zveupfumi, zvetsika nemagariro, zvemagariro, zvedzidzo, zvechiuto,…); ndima yakawedzerwa (yakasanganiswa pamwe nenyika yaBon Man (Muang Phuan), Chiem Thanh). 
³ Ngo Si Lien (吳士 連 - 1400-1499) akaberekerwa mu Ĩan Sĩ musha, ha Dong, Hanoi, aive Vietnamese nhoroondo yeLê Dynasty² - vakapinda muchikamu che Lam Sơn kumukira kwe Lê Lợi, yakawana zita rekuti Doctorate (Chiremba) uye nokudaro akave mutungamiriri mumuzinda wamambo wevatatu vanotevedzana Sravana Sameeralu Serial XNUMXth Le Thai Tong (1434-1442), Le Nhan Tong (1442-1459) uye Le Thanh Tong (1460-1497), akagadzwa Dhairekita weNational Bureau Yenhoroondo Yenhoroondo (Viện Quốc sử) muna 1473. Anonyanyozivikanwa nekuve mukuru wekuumbisa we Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư - 15-vhoriyamu (quyển) bhuku - chikamu chake chenhoroondo yeVietnam muzvikamu zviviri zvakakosha, akaisa zviitiko zvese zvakaitika pamberi pekugadzwa kwe Đinh Dzinza in Peripheral Zvinyorwa (Ngoại kỷ) panguva yakazvimiririra kubva Đinh Dzinza (10th remakore) Kusikwa kwe Lê Dzinza mu 1482 yakarondedzerwa mukati Basic Zvinyorwa (Bản kỷ) - chinyorwa chakazara chenhoroondo yeVietnam uye yekare nhoroondo nhoroondo yehumambo hweVietnam hunosara nhasi. Kusvika ikozvino, Ngo Si Lien inogara ichinzi ndiyo imwe yeinonyanya kukosha nhamba yeiyo nhoroondo yeVietnam.

… Irikuvandudza…

BAN TU THU
5. 2020

CHERECHEDZA:
◊ Kunobva: Kugadzirwa kweVietnam. Ha Van Tan. thegioipubhekwas.vn, 2018. Mufananidzo; wikimapia.org.
◊ Zvese zvinyorwa uye zvakaratidzwa sepia chifananidzo chakagadzwa neBAN TU THU - gvanevachar.com.