YEMHURI ye54 ETHNIC GROUPS muVIETNAM - Chikamu chekutanga

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… Inoenderera mberi yeChechi 1:

Pham DUC THANH, Dr. Assoc. Prof.¹

Nzvimbo Dzakanaka dzetsika

    Madzinza mana anowanzogara mumapani, kusanganisira Kinh, Hoa, Cham uye Khmer. Ivo vanogara pakurima-mupunga kurima, hove uye mabasa emaoko.

   Iwo akasara madzinza madiki anogara munzvimbo dzine makomo mu Maodzanyemba akadziva kumadokero Maodzanyemba Vietnam uye Central Highlands.

   The Northwest inowanikwa kumatunhu mana: Hoa Binh¹⁴, Mwanakomana La¹⁵, Lai Chau¹⁶ uye Dien Bien¹⁷ uko dzinza remadzinza rinobata ruzhinji rwevanhu (72-85%. Ivo vanosvika makumi manomwe neshanu muzana muzana wehuwandu hwematunhu uye 79.2% yehuwandu hwese hwehuwandu hwemadzinza madiki munyika.

   Munharaunda ino, iyo Thai ndiyo yakawanda - inenge 32.3% yevagari venharaunda uye 54% yehuwandu hwevanhu Thai in Vietnam, mu Mwanakomana La¹⁵ Province, boka racho rinomirira makumi mashanu neshanu muzana ehuwandu.

   The Muong account ye24% yevagari venharaunda uye 48.5% yeiyo Muong nharaunda munyika. In Hoa Binh¹⁴ Province, ivo Muong ndiro boka rizhinji, vachiverenga kwevanopfuura makumi manomwe nenomwe muzana.

   Mamwe madzinza anogara mudunhu anosanganisira ChiHmong (13% yevagari venharaunda uye 36.7% yenharaunda yeHmong) uye Dao (3.1% uye 11.1% zvakateerana).

   The Northeast ine matunhu gumi nerimwe. Marudzi mashoma anoita 11% yevagari venharaunda uye 41.3% yehuwandu hwevanhu vemadzinza mu Vietnam.

   Mapurovhinzi ane huwandu hwepamusoro hwevadiki madzinza ari Cao bang¹⁶, Ha Giang¹⁷, Bac Inogona¹⁸, Lang Mwanakomana¹⁹, Lao Cai²⁰ (67% -95%). Yen Bai²¹ uye Tuyen Quang²² vane huwandu hwevanhu umo vanopfuura hafu vanobva kumadzinza mnontes. Thai Nguyen²³, Phu Tho²⁴, Bac Giang²⁵ uye Quang Ninh²⁶ vane pencertage yemarudzi, kubva pa11% kusvika makumi maviri neshanu muzana,

   The Northwest Imba ya Thai while the Northeast ndiko kuiswa kwe Tay uye Nung. Pano, iyo Tay account ye15% yevagari veko uye yepedyo 90% yehuwandu Tay huwandu. Iyi nhamba ye Nung vari 8% uye 85% zvine ruremekedzo, uye izvo ChiHmong 5% uye 57%. The Tay uye Nung ndudzi dzinogara munzvimbo dzakaderera pedyo nemadziva emvura. Ivo vane ruzivo mukurima uye mamwe mabasa.

   Iyo yekuchamhembe kwe Central Vietnam inovhara matunhu matanhatu kubva Thanh Hoa²⁷ to Thua Thien-Hue²⁸. Iwo mashoma emadzinza anogara mudunhu ndanyanya ChiHmong, Thai, Kho mu, uye Muong. Ivo vanogadzira 10.6% yeavo vagari venzvimbo uye 10% yehuwandu hwemadzinza madiki mukati Vietnam.

Kunyangwe iwo mashoma emadzinza anoita chete 14-16% yehuwandu hwevanhu Thanh Hoa²⁷ uye Nghe An²⁸, matunhu mazhinji emaprovince maviri aya akasungwa nemakomo marefu.

   The Thai kugara mukati Thanh Hoa²⁷ uye Nghe An²⁸ gadzira inenge 37% yeiyo yakazara Thai huwandu. The Muong in Thanh Hoa²⁷ ita anosvika makumi matatu muzana yehuwandu hwese hweboka. The Tho, boka diki rine vanhu vanosvika zviuru makumi manomwe, vanonyanya kugara mukati Thanh Hoa²⁷ uye Nghe An²⁸ (95%. Vazhinji vanopfuura makumi manomwe neshanu Bru-Van Kieu vanhu vanogara mumatunhu maviri e Quang Ninh²⁹ uye Quang Tri³⁰.

   Iyo yekumaodzanyemba kwe Central Vietnam nematunhu matanhatu ndiko kugadziriswa kwemadzinza madiki Ho Re, Bru-Van Kieu, Co Tu, Ta Oi, Gie Trieng, Raglai, uye Cham. Mapoka aya anouyira 5.5% yevagari veko uye pazasi 3% yehuwandu hwehuwandu hwemadzinza madiki munyika. Dzinotarisana mune dzimwe nharaunda nzvimbo.

   Vanenge 98% ye Ho Re boka, 33-36% ye Raglai, 15-16% ye Cham gara mudunhu rino.

   The Central Highlands inosanganisira matunhu: Dak Lak³¹, Dak Nong³², Gia Lai³³, Kon Tum³⁴ uye Lam Dong³⁵. Iyi inzvimbo yedzinopfuura makumi mana emadzinza, kusanganisira gumi nevaviri emadzinza (Gia Rai, E De, Ba Na, Xo Dang, Mnong, Gie Trieng, Ma, Chu Ru, Raglai, Co Ho, Brau, uye Ro Mam. Kwemakore gumi apfuura, kutama kwevamwe madzinza madiki Hmong, Tay, Nung, Dao) kubva kuNorth kunobatsira kutsaudzira huwandu hwehuwandu hwematunhu. Pano, madzinza emadzinza anodarika makumi matatu neshanu muzana evagari vemo uye anenge gumi nematatu muzana ezere ruzhinji rwevanhu vashoma madzinza mune Vietnam.

   ln iyo Mekong Delta³⁶, mazhinji madzinza madiki ndiwo Khmer (97% yehuwandu hwehuwandu hweKhmer) uye Hoa (23% yehuwandu hweHoa huwandu). The Cham zvakare gara pano nezvishoma zvishoma (Vanhu gumi nemaviri, vanogadzira gumi muzana yehuwandu hwechiCham), kunyanya mukati An Giang³⁷ Province.

 Iyo anthropologic diversation inounza nezve culturral diversation. ln mapani uye matunhu, madzinza anokura achinyorova-mupunga, kuvaka dzimba dzakabudirira uye makamuri mune iyo nzvimbo iri pakati peimwe imba, zvakare nzvimbo yekunamatira yakatsaurirwa kuna mwari wemusha wemudzidzi. Mimwe mifananidzo mizhinji yakajairika senge miti yebhania, matsime emvura emumusha, makomba akasvibirira bamboo nemitambo yemhemberero ndeyekurudziro uye zvinosimudzira pakuzvarwa kwehembe refu remukadzi, pink brassies, flat plam hats, quan ho³⁸ nziyo dzechivanhu, dzinozivikanwa opera (akatanga)³⁹ mu Red River Delta⁴⁰, or chanties chinokwezva uye vanhu ngoni mukati Central Vietnam, kana yakasununguka-yakakodzera blouse (ao ba)⁴¹ uye nziyo dzechinyakare dzinoperekedzwa nemonchord inorira, dzichirira mumakona nenzizi muna Mekong Delta³⁶.

  The Northwest ine yakanyanya kunaka uye yakasarudzika madzinza tsika mukati Vietnam. Makomo akakwirira emipata uye mipata, makumbo makuru emvura, madhiri emupunga ane mvura inoratidzika kunge anochengetedza nguva kuyerera pakamira. Minda inotyisa yakafukidzwa nemupunga weyero ndeye masitepisi asingaperi anotungamira kune rakakura denga rebhuruu. Pamusoro pe rugger nock makomo mukati Dong Van³⁷ uye Meo Vac³⁸, vanhu veko vanodyara zvirimwa mumakomba madiki mumatombo. Iyi nzira yekurima inoratidza kusasimba kwavo kusakwana uye kugona kwavo kukunda zvisikwa.

  Mu "kuzvikwanira”Hupfumi, vasikana vari munzvimbo dzine makomo, nekushingaira kwavo uye nehunyanzvi hwavo vakakwanisa kuruka masiketi ane mavara, mahembe, magumbeze akashongedzwa nemhando dzakajeka dzekushongedza, vachigadzira hunhu hwakasiyana-siyana hwemarudzi akasiyana. Dzimba-pane-stilts, dzimba dzevhu-dzakakomberedzwa, dzinoisa ngarava, papooses, kurongedza-mabhiza, zvemuno hunyanzvi (stewed com furawa, inonamira mupunga yakabikwa muzvikamu zve bamboo, soup yenyama, doro remupunga rakatorwa neuswa), misika yemakomo, misika yerudo, mhemberero, tsika dzekurima, nziyo dzechivanhu dzave zvinoyevedza chaizvo kune vashanyi.

  Tsika yemadzinza madiki mu Central Highlands ine zvionekwe³⁹ senhaka yetsika dzevanhu. Mu Central Highlands, kayaks uye yakadzora nzou ndiyo nzira huru yekutakura. Tsika pano inoiswa pamwe ne lithophone⁴⁰ set, klong isa⁴¹ mazeve, khan⁴² (nziyo dzechitendero) marimba, epics, uye sinus⁴³ kutamba.

Nharaunda ye makumi matanhatu nemakumi matanhatu Evanhu vemuVietnam

    Kwezviuru zvemakore, makumi mashanu emadzinza madiki, pamwe chete ne Viet (Kinh) vanhu, vakaumba kubatana kukuru uye kune simba Mhuri yeVietnam. Mune panorama yakakura uye yakawandisa yakadaro, tsika dzemadzinza akasiyana dzakasarudzika uye dzakakosha mavara. Ihwo husingaenzaniswi hupfumi hwetsika yeboka rega rega kana mudunhu rega rega, asi rakasiyana uye rakawanda chiri chinhu che Vietnamese tsika yakasimudzirwa uye yakaziviswa pasirese.

   Parizvino tsika inoonekwa sehwaro uye chinangwa chebudiriro yenyika. Saka mufananidzo wa Nyika yeVietnam of Madzinza makumi mashanu nemashanu ichazara nezvizvarwa zverudzi, zvazvino uye kufambira mberi.

ONA ZVAKAWANDA:
◊  KUNZANGANISWA KWEMA 54 ETHNIC GROUPS muVietnam - Chikamu 1.
◊  54 ETHNIC GROUPS muVietnam- Sumo.
◊ Vietnamese shanduro (vi-VersiGoo):  CONG DONG 54 DAN TOC Vietnam - Phan 1.