YEMHURI ye54 ETHNIC GROUPS muVIETNAM - Chikamu chekutanga

Hits: 556

Pham DUC THANH, Dr. Assoc. Prof.¹

Iyo S-yakaita Southeast Asia Nyika

    Vietnam inyika yakaumbwa S yakafukidza kumabvazuva emadziro emakumi matatu nemakumi mairi nemashanu emakiromita emakiromita eiyo Indochina Peninsula. Yakagadzirirwa akasiyana masango: sango uye gomo, Midland, bani, gungwa, chitsuwa uye rakakura masherufu sherufu.

    Vietnam iri pamoyo pe Southeast Asia, inobatanidza chikamu chekumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva kwe Euroasia continent.

    Makomo nezvikomo zvakafukidza zvikamu zvina zvezvina zvenharaunda yenyika. Mu Mawodzanyemba, kunyanya iyo Northwest, yakakwira makomo. The Hoang Lien Mwanakomana Range², inobatanidza Ma Rwizi Range³ uye kuchamhembe Truong Son Kutanga⁴, ndizvo VietnamDunhu rakaomesesa-kuwana-kuwana nekuda kwemazana emakomo marefu uye nharaunda dzemakomo dzinopatsanura nekukanganisa kutaurirana pakati penzvimbo dzakasiyana. Kupfuura kumaodzanyemba Truong Son Kutanga², makomo anotsvedza zvinyoro nyoro kumadokero, achigadzira nzvimbo yakakura kwazvo basalt inonzi Tay Nguyen⁵ (Central Highlands), wobva wamhanya wakadzika kuenda kumabvazuva chikamu che South Vietnam usati wabatana nezvakakura Mekong Delta⁶.

    Nzizi Northwest zvakaita se Da (Nhema), Hong (Tsvuku), Lo, MaRwizi, dzese dzinomhanya kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumavirira Iyo yakasviba yerukova network mune yepamusoro chikamu inobatsira kuumba mipata yehukuru hwese. Nzvimbo dzeAlluvial uye mabhenji erwizi akafukidzwa nehupamhi hwe silt-inobereka yakanakira kurimwa mumupunga. Aya zvakare akakosha nzvimbo dzekugara idzo dzakanaka mamiriro ekugadzira mufananidzo wakajeka uye unoshamisa wetsika.

   Muchikamu ekumusoro kwe Central Vietnam, makomo anomhanyira kugungwa. Nzizi pfupi dzinoyerera dzinotakura zvishoma alluvium uye hadzigone kuumba deltas yakakura. Kubva kumaodzanyemba kumaodzanyemba kumaodzanyemba, zvakadaro, padivi penenzizi dzinoyerera kumabvazuva, nzizi dzakadaro Se Bang Phay⁷, Se Bang Hieng Poko⁸, uye Serepok⁹ kuyerera kumadokero mukati Laos¹⁰ uye Kambodhiya¹¹ kubatana ne Rwizi rweMekong¹² usati wadzoka mukati Vietnam kwavanoumba iwo yakaorera yakawanda Mekong Delta¹³.

    Vietnam ine mvura yakakura yenzvimbo, mutsetse wemhenderekedzo inodarika zviuru mazana matatu nemazana matatu nemasherufu makuru ezvivakwa, ine zviwanikwa zvakawanda zvakakosha zvinosanganisira husingaperi simba rezvigadzirwa zvemumakungwa.

Panorama yakajeka Yemarudzi Akasiyana Evanhu

    Vietnam inyika ine vanhu vane marudzi mazhinji. Sekureva kwechiziviso cheHurumende, Vietnam ane makumi matanhatu emadzinza pakati avo Vietnamese (Kinh) ruzhinji. Dzinza diki ndudzi dzinoda kusvika 14% yehuwandu hwese. Parizvino, mapoka aya anoumba huwandu hwemamiriyoni gumi nemaviri. Kuvimba nezvinhu zvemitauro, madzinza mukati Vietnam vanokamurwa mumapoka masere emitauro:

1. The Vietnam-Muong (mapoka mana):  Vietnamese (Kinh), Muong, Tho, uye Hush.
2. The Tay-Thai (mapoka masere): Tay, Thai, Nung, Bo Y, Giay, Lao, Lu, uye San Chay.
3. The Mon-Khmer (21 mapoka): Kho Mu, Khang, Mang, Xinh Mun, Bru-Van Kieu, Ta Oi, Co Tu, Ho Re, Gie Trieng, Ba Na, Xe Dang, Brau, Ro Mam, Mnong, Ma, Co Ho, Xtieng Cho Ro. Khmer, uye O Du.
4. The H'mong-Dao (mapoka matatu): ChiHmong, Dao, uye Pa Ipapo.
5. The Malayo-Polineian (mapoka mashanu): Gia Rai, Ede, Chu Ru, Raglai, uye Cham.
6. The Han (mapoka matatu): Hoa (Han), ngai, uye San Diu.
7. The Tibeto-Burmese (mapoka matanhatu): Ha Nhi, Phu La, La Hu, Cong, Lo Lo, uye Kana iyo.
   8. Vamwe: Co Lao, La Chi, Pu Peo, uye La Ha.

… Inoenderera mberi muchikamu chechipiri…

ZVINYORWA:
¹ : PHAM DUC KUNA (1944, Hai Phong) - Mubatanidzwa Purofesa, Ph.D., aimbova Director weiyo Southeast Asia Research Institute (1994-Kurume 2006); Nekuda kwemamiriro ehondo mushure me Chibvumirano cheGeneva 1954, akapedza chikoro chesekondari muna 1963 ndokunyoresa, ndokuzodzingwa muna 1968, ndokuzopasa bvunzo yekupinda Hanoi Yunivhesiti yeTekinoroji, Chidzidzo 13, Rudzi rweNhoroondo, uye akapedza kudzidza kuyunivhesiti panguva iyo Umambo hweAmericaHondo inoparadza zvakanyanya mu Mawodzanyemba (kumabvazuva 1972), wobva wadzokera kubasa ku Vietnam Nhoroondo Institute. Muna June 1973, aive mushandi we Maodzanyemba Ekumaodzanyemba Asia Board Board, inozvidavirira Kambodhiya's yekutsvagisa munda, uye ndokugadzwa saiye Dhipatimendi Musoro weRuzivo Zviwanikwa (muna 1978. Muna 1983, i Southeast Asia Research Institute yakavambwa panheyo dza Maodzanyemba Ekumaodzanyemba Asia Board Board iye wairaira Jehovha Cambodia Research department Manager uye Science Council secretary weInstitute. Muna 1986, paine chirongwa chekutsvaga pa Nhoroondo Yemazuva ano yeKambodian, akadzivirira zvakabudirira kurapa kwake uye akatanga kutaura zita rake musainzi.

    Kudzokera ku Chekosirovhakiya Mushure menguva refu yekutevera kwechiremba, muna 1991, akasimudzirwa Mutevedzeri woMutungamiriri uyezve Director weSoutheast Asia Research Institute (muna 1994) uye akaramba ari muhofisi ino kusvika pamudyandigere (Kurume, 2006).

    Makumi emakumi emakore ekushanda pamwe ne Institute, nekuongororwa kwenyika dziri mudunhu, kunyanya munyika ye Kambodhiya, Assoc. PHAM DUC THANH ine rombo rakanaka rekutsvagisa kwesainzi mabasa: 1) Huwandu huwandu hukuru hweHurumende-nhanho misoro senge: Basa renyika hombe mudunhu reAsia-Pacific; 2) Chirongwa chebazi rechirongwa chekutsvaga nezve capitalism yemazuva ano uye nehurukuro yakazvimirira inonzi "ASEAN inobatanidza mumakore gumi ekutanga ezana ramakore rechi21”Yaakatungamira; 3) Mapurojekiti manomwe evashumiri pazvinhu zvakaita se: Vietnam-Laos hukama mune hwenhoroondo chiitiko, Vietnamese neLao nharaunda, Asia-Pacific Economic Community (APEC), Development Triangle Vietnam-Laos-Cambodia,…; 4) Batanidza kuti uite huwandu hwekudyidzana vanobatana nemasangano epasi rese kuti vagadzire ruzha pakati pevaongorori; 5) About gumi mabhuku (rakanyorwa zvakasiyana uye rakabatana) zvakaita se: "Nhoroondo yeKambodiya"(1995), "Vietnam-ASEAN hukama“,…; 6) Zvingangoita makumi matatu zvinyorwa zvakaburitswa mumapepanhau epamba nekunze

    Kunyangwe basa rake rekutonga rakabatikana zvikuru, Assoc. Prof. PhAM DUC THANH vachiri kushandisa nguva kudzidzisa hurukuro kuvadzidzi kubva Rudzi rweNhoroondo, ivo Dhipatimendi reEast Oriental Study at Hanoi General University (ikozvino University of Social Sayenzi & Hunhu, Vietnam National University, Hanoi), mamwe mayunivhesiti mu Ho Chi Minh City… Vakati: "Iyi itsika yekudzidzisa iyo yakabatsira zvakanyanya mukutsvagisa nyaya dzine chekuita nenzvimbo yekudzidza".

² :… Kuvandudza…

ONA ZVAKAWANDA:
◊  54 nicthnic Mapoka Vietnam - Nhanganyaya.
◊  KUNZANGANISWA KWEMA 54 ETHNIC GROUPS muVietnam - Chikamu 2.
◊  Iyo BA NA Nharaunda yeMagariro makumi mana nemaviri muVietnam.
◊ Vietnamese shanduro (vi-VersiGoo):  CONG DONG 54 DAN TOC Vietnam - Phan 1.
◊ Vietnamese shanduro (vi-VersiGoo):  CONG DONG 54 DAN TOC Vietnam - Phan 2.
Shanduro yeVietnamese (vi-VersiGoo):  54 Dhani toc Viet Nam.
Shanduro yeVietnamese (vi-VersiGoo):  Nguoi BA NA trong Cong dong 54 Dhani toc anh em Viet Nam.

BAN TU THU
06/2020

CHERECHEDZA:
◊ Kunobva:  Mapoka makumi matanhatu Emarudzi muVietnam - VNA Thong Tan Yekutsikisa Imba, Hanoi, 2008.
Zvese zvinyorwa uye zvinyorwa zvemavara zvakaiswa naBan Tu Thu - gvanevachar.com