Varwi uye Pfuti
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I. Zvinoenderana nemamwe magwaro, muVietnam, sang hoa mai [sung hoa mai] (mechi) raive zita rakakurumbira pfuti sang dieu thuong [sung điểu thương] (musket) yakanga isinganyanyi kuzivikanwa uye yakashandiswa kubva muzana ramakore 16 kusvika kuzana ramakore rechi 19. Iwo feudal dynasties (Le, Mac, Trinh, Nguyen [Lê, Mạc, Trịnh, Nguyễn]) yakazara matchlocks euto. Nhoroondo uye zvinyorwa zvinyorwa zvakarondedzera hondo panguva iyoyo sezvizvi: "Kubhururuka mabara senyeredzi dzinodonha.. Nziyo dzeFolk dzakanyorawo mufananidzo wevarwi sevanhu vane rudo:
Bhanhire jena rakatenderedza chiuno
Vakapfeka ngowani dzakasungwa, pfuti yakatakurwa pafudzi
A matchlock mune rumwe ruoko
Rumwe ruoko rwakabata pfumo ndokuburukira muchikepe mukurairwa kwemamarinari
Kuenderera mberi-kwakapetwa-zvigadzirwa zvegumi zvigubhu zvakanzwika
Misodzi mumaziso kana vachipinda muchikepe.
[Beng lưng thì thắt đai vàng
Ei đội nón dấu vai mang súng dài
Một tay thì cắp hỏa mai
Một tay cắp lii quan sai xuống thuyền.
Thùng thùng trống đánh ngũ liu.
Bước chân xuống thuyền nước mắt như mưa]
Mufananidzo wepfuti pazasi wakatorwa muna 1908 - 1909 mu Hanoi [Hà Nội]. Izvo zvinotibatsira kufungidzira mufananidzo wevarwi panguva iyoyo, pamberi pe Nguyen [Nguyen] Dzinza.
Kana ari maseketi akataurwa pamusoro, heano mamwe magwaro ekutibatsira kuzvinzwisisa:
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II. Musket ndiyo yazvino mhando arquebus muVietnamese mauto ehondo panguva yemadhiza Mac, Trinh, Nguyen [Mac, Trịnh, Nguyễn] (kubva muzana ramakore rechi 17. Iko kuumbika kwemaseketi akateedzera mafambiro emapango ehuku pamwe nezvimedu zvendudzi. Maitiro ekushandisa akaita seanotevera: "dhonza trigger; iyo tsvigiri inobata pane chidimbu chesimbi chekuputika", Zvinoreva kuti:" dhonza nyundo kumashure; isa chiredzo mubatanidzwa kuti uchengete. Kana tichidhonza hura, nyundo inofamba uye inobata chimedu chechimedu chinosimudzira pfuti. "
Maererano ne John Pinkerson1, Ishe Nguyen [Nguyen] akashongedza uto rake neiyi mhando ye sang dieu thuong [sung điểu thương] (maseketi), inozivikanwawo se sang hoa mai [sung hoa mai] (matchlocks).
Rimwe gwaro rakaratidza kuti mumuzinda weQing (China), pakanga paine mhando yematchlock mahombe yaida kuti vanhu vaviri vaashande: Imwe yekuisa pfuti pabendekete uye imwe seyakakura nzvimbo.
In Vietnam [Vhetinamu], rudzi urwu rwepfuti parizvino rwunoratidzwa mumamuseum. Sezvakataurwa, iyo Tay Mwanakomana [Tây Sơn] mauto akagamuchira pamusoro-ataurwa maitiro kubva Dang Trong [Đàng Trong] (South Vietnam muzana ramakore rechigumi nemasere-17) uye yakavandudzwa kuita mamwe marudzi mazhinji. Mauto akashandisa chombo ichi zvakanyanya nekuda kwekuita kwavo kwemazuva ese paminda, zvaitaridza semutambo. Nekudaro, mukati Dang Ngoai [Đàng Ngoài] (Maodzanyemba Vietnam muna 17th-18th century), iyi nzira yakashandiswawo kurwira kwemasimba kwemakore mazana maviri. Semvura nemoto, Ishe Trinh [Trịnh] akatumidzwa zita Thuy Vuong [Thuỷ Vương] (Ishe weMvura) nekuda kwemauto ake echikepe akasimba; Ishe Nguyen [Nguyen] akatumidzwa zita Hoa Vuong [Hoả Vương] (Ishe weMoto) nekuda kwemauto ake aive ane zvombo zvine simba zvinodzidzisa moto. Kunze kwezvo, Ishe Nguyen [Nguyen] yaive nezvimwe zvombo zvakajairika muuto senge hoa ende [kureba] (dhiragoni yemoto), hoa ho [hoả hổ] (tiger yemoto) uye pfuti nezvidimbu zvinoshanda semabhomba akapusa.
Pakutanga, iyo musket (flintlock) yakabva kuEurope, yakazounzwa muAmerica neAsia. The Tay Mwanakomana [Tây Sơn] uto raionekwa seuto rakasimba nekuda kwemasketi avo akagadziridzwa aive akakwirira maererano nehunyanzvi hwekuita.chete pakufamba ina dzinodiwa) nepo maBritish neEuropean mauto aida makumi maviri ekufamba. Kunyanya, pfuti dzeQing (Mufananidzo) dzakabata moto zvishoma asi neutsi hwakawanda. Emperor Quang Trung [Quang Trung] akashandisa pfuti iyi mumabhatani saka nguo yake yakasviba nekuda kweutsi.
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Tambo kana zvimedu zvechimedu zvaishandiswa matchlocks. Gare gare, matchlocks akatsiviwa nepfuti dzepamberi, vachishandisa ma detonator uye cartridge yakafanana neyeEuropean pfuti panguva iyoyo. Zvisinei, panguva Minh Mang's [Minh Mạng] kutonga, matchlocks akatsiviwa nepfuti (nekuda kwekudzikira kwemauto) asi neine huwandu hwakaderera zvichienzaniswa neyakaitika makore apfuura, vanhu gumi vakabata pfuti imwe.
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Zvinoenderana nemirairo mune Nguyen [Nguyen] Dynasty, mauto akapatsanurwa kuita maviri: Varwi ehondo uye mauto ekudzivirira. Varwi vekudzivirira vakasarudzwa kubva Nghe An [Nghe An] Binh Thuan [Binh Thuan], avo vakanga vamisikidzwa mukati Hue [Hue]. Mukurwa kuri pakati peFrance neVietnam kuNorth, Hue [Hue] dare rakatumira mauto zviuru zvisere kuti adzivirire North Vietnam [Vhetinamu], pasi pechiremera chemitambo yepamusoro-soro maratari mamarins. Mauto ehondo airwiswa kuNorth. Mushure maizvozvo, panguva yekudzivirirwa kwechiFrench, mauto aya akatsiviwa ne linh kho xanh (bhuruu-bhandi mauto) (figiri. Mamwe mauto akasara aive pasi pevatongi vematunhu.
CHERECHEDZA:
1: JOHN PINKERSTON "Nzvimbo dzechizvino-zvino: Tsanangudzo yeumambo, humambo, nyika, uye makungwa pamwe nemakungwa, makungwa nezvitsuwa".
Mufananidzo unoratidzwa - sosi: faxuca.blogspot.com, nam64.multiply.com
ONA ZVAKAWANDA:
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◊ RUGWARO RUTSORO uye MARI YEMABHUKU EVIETNAM - Chikamu 2
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