Nhanganyaya naPurofesa muNhoroondo PHAN HUY LE - Mutungamiriri weVenhoroondo YeVietnam - Chikamu chechipiri

Hits: 416

na Le, Phan Huy ¹

    HENRY OGER (1885-1936?) akawana basa rake rakanzi "Tekinoroji yeVanhu veAnnamese”Makore ekuma1908-1909, paakange aine makore makumi maviri nematatu nemasere uye seyakavanzika achitora makore maviri basa rehondo Hanoi (1907-1909). The Dzidzo Dzepamusoro uye Chikoro Chinoshanda uye hurukuro dzevanozivikanwa vekuMabvazuva seLOUIS FINOT naSYLVAIN LÉVY, vakamushongedza neruzivo rwekutanga pane nhoroondo netsika dzeAsia, pamwe nechido cheSainzi. Akapihwa kona yekuona uye manzwiro, akatakura hunhu hwokuenzanisira kuenda kune hunyanzvi hwekuMadokero, H. OGER akakurumidza kuona kuti hupenyu nemabasa emaoko mu Hanoi uye parutivi payo mune zvakavanzika zvaida kuwanikwa. Pfungwa dzekutsvagira uye kushingairira kwehudiki zvakakurumidza kuunza iyo yakavanzika yeFrance mune zvezviitiko zvesainzi nehukuru hwakawanda hwekutsigira uye mazano ekugadzira. Panguva iyoyo yenguva, iyo Indochinese Ongorora (Đông dương tạp chí) yakanga yaburitsa mumakore e1907-1908 iro bhuku rekutsvagisa rakanzi Essays pane Tonkinese (Tiểu luận về người Bắc Kỳ) yemunyanzvi anozivikanwa wechiFrench GUSTAVE DUMOUTIER (1850-1904. Iri ibasa rekutsvagisa pane zvemagariro, kubva kumisha kuenda kumhuri, pamwe nehutsika netsika, pamwe nehupenyu hwetsika uye hupenyu hwechitendero muTonkin. H. OGER aisada kuti atsvage kuburikidza neiyo tsika yakajairika, pachinzvimbo chaaida kuzvitsanangurira imwe nzira yekusvika, kutanga kubva kutsvagurudzo ine hukama nemagariro, uye kutaura nezvekuita uye mune hupenyu hwepamoyo hwevanhu Hanoi uye parutivi rwayo. Mazuva ese, achiperekedzwa nemusikanzwa wezvekunze, aipota achitenderedza migwagwa ye Hanoi nemisha iri parutivi rwayo, kuyedza kutsvaga nekuwana hupenyu hwakasiyana-siyana hwevatengesi, vemaoko emaoko, nevarimi, uye vachidonhedza pasi, kwete chete nebhuku rekunyorera, asi kunyanya nematehwe. Aya haazi mifananidzo inozadzwa nehunyanzvi, pane iwo matepi emakombiyuta anoratidza zvehupfumi, tsika, nemagariro zviitiko, pamwe nemaoko akasiyana siyana, hupenyu hwezuva nezuva hwevanhu kuburikidza nekudya kwavo, kunwa, mafaro avo, mitambo yavo, zvitendero zvavo. … Nezve basa remaoko, munyori akaenda zvakadzama mumhando dzakasiyana siyana dzezvigadzirwa, zviridzwa, pamwe nemafiridziro uye zvikamu zvebasa mukati mekugadzira. Mukuwazisa kwakawanda kwebasa rakanzi Technique yeAnnamese, munyori anoikamura mumapoka mana:
(1) Crafic inokonzerwa nezvisikwa,
(2) Craft kugadzirisa zvinhu zvakasikwa,
(3) Craft uchishandisa yakagadzirwa zvinhu,
(4) Yakavanzika uye yehupenyu hupenyu hwe Annamese.

  Aya ndiwo mamwe eanokosha ekunyora zviumbwa zvemhando dzakasiyana siyana pamwe nehupenyu hwemunharaunda hwevagari izvo izvo munyori zvakange zvichiongorora nekuferefeta. Iri bhuku rakaburitswa munenge gore ra1910, zvakadaro magadzirirwo nemharidzo yacho zvainge zvisiri chaizvo sezvairi, sezvo zvichiri kungoenderana nekurongedzwa kwematehwe pamatanda, apo munyori wacho akazviona kuti: "Iko kushongedzwa kwemavara akaunganidzwa, kuburikidza nemateti kune mukana wakanaka, nepo ichingotadza kudzivirira zvese zvinovhiringidza.. (H. Oger's preview).

   H. OGER akaita research yake inoshanda mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma zvikuru, sezvo iye asingatombowana rubatsiro kubva kuhurumende neFrance masangano esainzi. Vamwe vanoverengeka vevanhu vane moyo yemoyo wakamubatsira nehuwandu hwemakumi maviri emapenzura aanogona kushandisa sehomwe kuti azive basa rake rekutsvagisa. Anga aricho Makumi matatu ezvinyorwa ndokuvhura fekitanda raive rakanyorwa nematanda uye Hang Gai musha Imba yevanhu, iyo yakazotevera, yakaendeswa kune Vu Thach pagoda (zvinova, panguva ino, paBa Trieu st. Hoan Kiem dunhu, Hanoi. Munguva inopfuura mwedzi miviri, inopfuura Zviuru zvishanu akavezwa pamatanda-pamadziro, kubva ipapo, kuburikidza nenzira yechinyakare yekudhinda, iwo akadhindwa mumapepa ekuvharidzira huni pane yakasarudzika mhando Rhamnoneuron bepa of Buoi musha (Tay Ho mudunhu, Hanoi. Iri iburojekiti rinotungamirwa uye rinotarisirwa, nekubatanidzwa kwevamwe chiverengero chevaVietnamese vekunyora matanda nevavezi vehuni.

   Chirongwa ichi chakaitika mukati memakore maviri 1908-1909 uye kubudiswa kwayo kwakaitwa muna 1910 mukati Hanoi nedzimba mbiri dzinoburitsa: Geuthner uye Jouve & Co. in Paris, asi basa rakaburitswa harina zuva rekuburitsa. Ndicho chikonzero nei pakanga pasina copyright yedhipatimendi muParis, apo maibhurari mukati Furanzi usachengetedze iri rakabudiswa. In Vietnam, makopi maviri chete e H. OGERiro basa rakachengetedzwa Hanoi Raibhurari Yenyika uye at General Sayenzi Raibhurari mu HoChiMinh guta. Mushure mekuburitswa, iro rakadhindwa rakakanganikwa kwenguva yakareba, sehupenyu hwakaoma hwemunyori. Apedza basa rake rehondo, H. OGER vakadzokera Furanzi muna 1909 uye vakapinda Colonial College. Muna 1910, akagadzwa semukuru wezvekutonga mukati Indochina, ipapo muna 1914 akadzokera kwa Furanzi nekuda kwehutano hwake hwakaipa. Hondo Yenyika yose yakaenderera, akabatana neuto. Kutevera kudzvanywa kwake, muna 1916, akatumirwazve kuIndochina kunoshanda semubati wechigaro weguta re Quang Yen. Zvisinei, mifungo yake yetsika nemafungiro emagariro haana kupindirana neavo vevakuru vekoloni, uye chokwadi ichi chakamuita kuti afungirwe, akaongororwa uye, muna1919, akasungirwa kudzokera Furanzi, ndokutanga pamudyandigere wake muna 1920. Ipapo, zvinoita sekuti akaudzwa kuti akashaika muna 1936? Mazhinji mazano ake etsika nemagariro, pamwe nezvakawanda zvekutsvaga kwake zviitiko zvese zvakatamiswa. Iri bhuku rakaburitswa nemusoro wenyaya: "Essaw pane hupenyu hwekunyama, hunyanzvi uye maindasitiri evanhu veAnnam"(Essais sur la vie matérielle, les art et maindasitiri du peuple d'Annam), nepo zvirizvo, zvinotakura kukosha kweiyo Encyclopedia nezve hupenyu hwakazara hwevagari vemo Hanoi uye parutivi rwayo kusvika mukuvamba kwezana ramakore rechi20. Iyi iunganidzwa yemapuranga akavharirwa, ine chimiro chevanhu vependi, asi mutsauko chete ndewekuti hahutevedzere chaizvo maitiro uye inongodhindwa muvatema nechena, ichiperekedzwa nezvirevo muNôm (Madimikira), mukati Chinese and in French. Kuburikidza neyakavhara mapuranga, muoni anogona kuona nenzira kwayo hupenyu hwese hwevagari vemo Hanoi, kubva kune vatengesi, vatengesi, vashandi vemaoko, varimi, uye kubva kumakisheni ekugadzira, zvitoro, misika, migwagwa, nzira dzekufambisa, kuenda kudzimba, nzira dzekupfeka nekudya dzevanhu vese vemapato, zviitiko zvetsika, hupenyu hwemweya, zvitendero nezvimwe… Zvese zvakadaro Zvinhu zvinoratidzika nenzira ine hupenyu kuburikidza nevapfumi, vakasiyana-siyana, vanoratidzira mapuranga akavharwa, vachiperekedzwa nekutsanangudza zvipfupi uye zvakatsiga. Mumwe anogona zvakare kufunga nezveuunganidzwa wemapuranga akavharirwa sebhuku renhoroondo mumifananidzo achinyora pasi yetsika yetsika yehupenyu hwevagari Hanoi uye parutivi rwayo kusvika mukuvamba kwezana ramakore rechi20. NezveNôm (Madimikira) kunyanya, kunze kwemhando dzakasiyana siyana dzakasanganiswa, munhu anogona kuwana mune iri basa akawanda maNôm mavara akaumbwa nenzira yemunyori maererano Chinese.

   Maingova chete kusvika muna1970, iko kukosha kweicho muunganidzwa wemapuranga aH. OGER akavezwa nekuongororwazve, nechinyorwa chakapihwa Piyona wehunyanzvi hweVietnamese tekinoroji: HENRI OGER (1885-1936?- - (Le pionnier de la technologie vietnamienne: HENRI OGER (1885-1936?) weFrench Orientalist PIERRE HUARD, rakabudiswa pa Bulletin yeFrance Chikoro cheExprême-Orient, 1970 (Bulletin de l'Ecole française d 'Extrême-Orient, 1970).

   In Vhetinamu, kuunganidzwa kwehuni dzakapetwa dzakachengetedzwa mukati Hanoi Raibhurari Yenyika haina kuperera, uye kubvira pamakore makumi matanhatu, yave iri, kwenguva yekutanga, yakaunzwa naartist painter NGUYEN KUTI CUNG mune akati wandei maworkshops paArtic. Kutevera iro ruzivo, chiverengero chakati chemasangano masayendisiti uye masayendisiti vakatanga kusvika pariri uye kuunza pane akati wandei emagazini nemisangano. Iyo yakachengetedzwa mukati Saigon pamberi pa1975, yakaunzwa nedzimwe nyanzvi kubva muna1970. Shure kwa1975, iwo muunganidzwa wemapuranga akavezwa waichengetwa General Sayenzi Raibhurari muHochiMinh guta, uye yave ichikwezva zvakanyanya kutarisisa kwekutsvaga kutsvaga vatenderi nevanoongorora vanoiisa mumagazini zesainzi.

    Mumazuva akapfuura, zvaive zvakaomarara kuti nyanzvi dzive nemamiriro ekunze kuti dzikurukure neunganidzwa hwese hwehuni hwakavharwa muhuni Hanoi uye HochiMinh guta, saka vaifanira kushandisa microfilms or maikorofoni inopihwa nemasangano maviri ataurwa. Kukoshesa kukuru kweichi chikamu chemabhuku, ayo anogona kutariswa sekwakanyorwa zvekare nesumo, chinyorwa chefonetiki, shanduro uye zvirevo, zvinogara mukuti inopa vadzidzi vacho mukati nokunze. pamwe nevamwe vanhu vese, vane basa rese raH. OGER, nekudaro vachivabatsira kuti vabatane nazvo nyore nyore, vazvidzidze, uye vazvikoshe.

… Enderera muchikamu chechipiri…

BAN TU THU
06 / 2020

ONA ZVAKAWANDA:
◊  Nhanganyaya naPurofesa muNhoroondo PHAN HUY LE - Mutungamiri we Nhoroondo Association of Vietnam - Chikamu 2.

ZVINYORWA:
¹ : PHAN HUY LÊ (Thach Chau, Loc Ha dunhu, Ha Tinh dunhu, 23 Kukadzi 1934 - 23 Chikumi 2018) aive Vietnamese wezvenhau uye purofesa wenhoroondo panguva Hanoi Yunivhesiti Yenyika. Akanyora ezvidzidzo zvakawanda pasocial society, landholding maitiro uye varombo shanduko kunyanya, uye muVietnam nhoroondo mune zvese. Phan aive director we Chikamu cheVietnamese uye Intercultural Studies at Vietnam National University, Hanoi. Phan aive wechikoro chevanyori vezvakaitika kare, kusanganisirawo TRAN QUOC VUONG kusiyanisa 'Vietnamese'pasina hukama nehukama hweChinese. (Source: Wikipedia Encyclopedia)
² : Batanidza Purofesa, Chiremba wePylosophie muNhoroondo HUNG NGUYEN MANH, aimbova Rector we Hong Bang Yenyika Yese, ndiye muvambi weaya mawebhusaiti: "Thanh dia Viet Nam Zvidzidzo" - gvanevachar.com, "Holyland Vietnam Zvidzidzo" - Holylandvietnamstudies. com mumitauro 104, "Việt Nam Học" - vapeny.com, nezvimwe…
Yakadudzirwa naAsso. Prof. Hung, Nguyen Manh, PhD.
Title Musoro wemusoro uye Featured sepia mufananidzo wakagadzwa naBan Tu Thu - gvanevachar.com

ONA DZIMWE:
◊ Nhanganyaya naPurofesa muNhoroondo PHAN HUY LE - Mutungamiri we Nhoroondo Association of Vietnam - Chikamu 3.
Vi-VersiGoo (Vietnamese vhezheni): Giáo sư PHAN HUY LÊ giới thiệu về KỸ HAMU CỦA NGƯỜI AN NAM.
◊ TECHNIQUE yeVANHU VANHU - Chikamu 3: Ndiani HENRI OGER (1885 - 1936)?