Iyo pfupi HISTORI yeVIETNAMESE WRITING - Chikamu 2

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Donny Trương¹
Chikoro cheArt kuGeorge Mason University

… Inoenderera kuchikamu 1

ALPHABET

    Iyo yepamutemo Latin-based Vietnamese mavara ine mavara makumi maviri nepfumbamwe: makomoni gumi nemanomwe uye gumi nemaviri. Kunze kwekunge f, j, w, uye z, mavara makumi maviri nemaviri anouya kubva kuarufabheti yechiRoma. Mavara manomwe akagadziridzwa ari ă, â, đ, ê, ô, ơ, uye ư. Sezvazviri muChirungu, marongero anotevedza gungano rechiArabhu. Tsamba dzine diacritical mavara anouya mushure mabhii pasina. Semuyenzaniso, a anotangira ă uye d anotangira đ. Aya mavara anotevera anodzidziswa muzvikoro.

ZVINOTAURA NEMADZIMAI

     Vietnamese ine nhamba yakawedzera yetsamba ine diacritical mamakisi kuita mutsauko we tonal. Kurongeka kwe mamakisi ezwi zvakasiyana-siyana, asi zvakajairika ndezvekuti Nguyễn Đình Hòagungano: isina chiratidzo (vat), acute (s), zvakanyanya (Huyen), hove pamusoro (hii), tilde (nga), Uye underdot (heavy. Nekuti diacritics inoita basa rakakosha kusiyanisa matoni, mavhawero ega ega anogona kutora pane imwe kana maviri ekuwedzera mavara. Zvinotevera 134 mavara (chikwama chepamusoro uye chepasi) ratidza zvese zvingangoitika zveku diacritics muVietnam.

MIFANANIDZO DZINONYANYA

    Sezvinoratidzwa mune mavara, iyo Vietnamese kunyora maitiro tizvishandise mavara manomwe akagadziridzwa. Vana vakaparadzanisa diacritical alama: ă, â, ê, uye ô. Vatatu vakabatanidza diacritical mamakisi: đ, ơ, uye ư. Ichi chitsauko chinopa zvimwe zvinongedzo zvematsamba akagadziridzwa.

TENDAI

    The â ine circumflex yakaiswa pamusoro petsamba a. Iyo--circflex inogona kutora pane yekuwedzera acute ( ấ ), zvakanyanya ( ầ ), hove pamusoro ( ẩ ), tilde ( ẫ ), kana underdot ( ậ . MuVietnamese, chevron-yakavezwa circumflex inoshandiswa zvakare pane e ( ê ) uye o ( ô ).

TSAMBA Đ

    The đ ine muchinjiko bara kuburikidza netsamba d. The đ ndeyekutanga-konsonanti chete. Iyo yepamusoro Đ ine bara rakatwasuka pakati pe cap urefu hwetsamba D. Iyo yakaderera đ ine bharanzi yakatarisana pakati pe ascender uye x-kukwirira kwetsamba d.

TSAMBA Ê

    The ê ine circumflex yakaiswa pamusoro petsamba e. Iyo e-circumflex inogona kutora pane anowedzera-acute ( ế , ề ) ể ), tilde ( ễ ), kana underdot ( ệ . MuVietnamese, chevron-yakavezwa circumflex inoshandiswa zvakare pane a ( â ) uye o ( ô ).

TSAMBA Ô

    The ô ine circumflex yakaiswa pamusoro petsamba o. Iyo o-circumflex inogona kutora pane yekuwedzera acute ( ố , ồ ) ổ ), tilde ( ỗ ), kana underdot ( ộ . MuVietnamese, chevron-yakavezwa circumflex inoshandiswa zvakare pane a ( â ) uye e ( ê ).

TSAMBA Ơ

    The ơ ine nyanga yakanamirwa uye yakanamatira kurudyi rwetsamba o. Iyo o-runyanga inogona kutora pane yekuwedzera acute ( ớ , ờ ) ở ), tilde ( ỡ ), kana underdot ( ợ . MuVietnamese, nyanga inoshandiswawo pa u ( ư ).

TSAMBA Ư

    The ư ine nyanga yakanamirwa uye yakanamatira kurudyi rwetsamba u. Iyo-runyanga inogona kutora pane iyo additonal acute ( ứ , ừ ) ử ), tilde ( ữ ), kana underdot ( ự . MuVietnamese, nyanga inoshandiswawo pa o ( ơ ).

DZIMA MAKAI

     Vietnamese ndeye mutauro weoni. Akashandiswa anoshandiswa kureva toni dzakasiyana: "terama"(vat), "acute-akatsamwa"(sắc), "guva-kudzikira"(huyền), "kusimuka-kusimuka" h.i, "chesty-yakasimudzwa"(nga), uye "chesty-inorema"(nặng. Mukunyora, toni imwe inomiririrwa seisina chiratidzo (a), ina dzinoratidzwa ne diacritics yakanyorwa a mavhawero á, à, ả, uye ã ), uye imwe yakamirirwa nechirukwa pasi pevhawero ( ạ . Ngatisike avo vari vega mamakisi ezwi.

UNTIED

    Toni isina kuvakwa (vat) haina chekutaura. Iyo pitch yayo inotangira kubva pakati kusvika kumusoro-pakati.

ACUTE

     An acute (dắu sắc) is a mbele-slash accent yakaiswa pamavhawero: á, é, í, ó, ú, uye ý. An acute, inotanga kubva pasi yakatetepa uye inopera nehupamhi hwepamusoro, inoreva kukwirira kwakakwirira. Inofanira kusimuka zvishoma kurudyi kwechigadziko hunhu ( á ) pasina kudonha. Kana yabatanidzwa, inofanira kuvezwa zvakajeka kubva kune imwe chiratidzo ( ắ, ấ, ế, ố, ớ, kana ứ ).

KUKURA

  A zvakanyanya (dhuu huyền) is backward-slash accent yakaiswa pamavhawero: à, è, ì, ò, ù, uye ỳ. Guva, iro rinotanga kubva kumusoro uye rinopera nehuremu hwakatetepa, rinoreva low low. Inofanira kusimuka zvishoma kuruboshwe rwechigadziko hunhu ( à ) pasina kudonha. Kana yabatanidzwa, inofanira kuvezwa zvakajeka kubva kune imwe chiratidzo ( ằ, ầ, ề, ồ, ờ, kana ừ ).

HOOK PAMUSORO

    The hogi pamusoro (dỏu hỏi) chiratidzo chezwi rakafanana neisina mubvunzo mubvunzo mucherechedzo wakaiswa pamavhawero: ả, ẻ, ỉ, ỏ, ủ, uye ỷ. Iyo inoreva yakadzika-yakadzika kudonha kwegomba. Kana yabatanidzwa, inofanira kuvezwa zvakajeka kubva kune imwe chiratidzo ( ẳ, ẩ, ể, ổ, ở, kana ử ).

ACCENT MARK

    A tilde (dngu ngã) chiitiko chakaiswa pamavhawero: ã, ẽ, ĩ, õ, ũ, kana ỹ. Inoreva kukwirira kwakakwira. Kana yabatanidzwa, inofanira kuvezwa zvakajeka kubva kune imwe chiratidzo ( ẵ, ẫ, ễ, ỗ, ỡ, kana ữ ).

PASI PASI

     An underdot (dấu nặng) dot yakaiswa pasi pemavhawero: ạ, ẹ, ị, ọ, ụ, uye ỵ. Iyo inoreva donhi rekudonha rakaderera uye rinofanira kumisikidzwa zvakajeka pasi pepasirese.

… Inoenderera mberi muchikamu chechipiri…

BAN TU THU
01 / 2020

CHERECHEDZA:
1: Pamusoro pemunyori: Donny Trương mugadziri ane chido chekutapa uye wewebhu. Akagamuchira tenzi wake wehunyanzvi mune graphic dhizaini kubva kuChikoro cheArt kuGeorge Mason University. Iyewo munyori we Professional Web typography.
Old Akashinga mazwi uye sepia mifananidzo yakaiswa naBan Tu Thu - gvanevachar.com

ONA ZVAKAWANDA:
◊  Iyo pfupi HISTORI yeVIETNAMESE WRITING - Chikamu 1
◊  Iyo pfupi HISTORI yeVIETNAMESE WRITING - Chikamu 3
◊ nezvimwewo.